核酸(Nucleic Acids)包括脱氧核糖核酸(Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA)和核糖核 酸(Ribonucleic acid,RNA)两类。 分布:DNA分布在细胞核和线粒体。 RNA分布在胞液和细胞核。 功能:DNA的主要功能是贮存遗传信息 RNA的主要功能是传递遗传信息

第一节维生素的概念和类别 一、概念 主要由食物供给的一类小分子有机物质在体内含量少,不是构成机体的物质 ,也不是能量物质,而在新陈代谢中起作用,缺乏可导致疾病。 二、发现与研究 19c末荷 Eijkman兰人在米糠中发现了治疗“脚气病”的“保护因素”;后来, Grijins证明米糠中含有一种“营养因素,并提出“营养缺乏症”的概念;20c初, 英国 Hopkins通过小鼠实验得出结论,维生素是正常膳食中的必需辅助因子 。美国科学家于1913年首先发现维生素A和维生素B

1.氨基酸:20种AA结构特点、缩写、 2.理化性质、分离方法等;

一、激素的一般概念 现在认为,激素是在动植物体内由特殊组织细胞产生、其量甚少 的、在机体的新陈代谢中起着调节作用的一类有机化合物(分子有 大有小)

蛋白质组研究的核心是系统识别一个细 胞或组织中表达的每一个蛋白质,以及确定 每个蛋白质的突出特征

Branch of discovery science focusing on proteins In 1994 defined as the complete set of proteins that is expressed and modified following expression by the entire genome in the lifetime of a cell. If we look at an organism it means that we are looking at the proteome of 3 trillion of cells and -1000

1.Definitions: topoisomerase, ribozyme, double helix, DNA denaturation, Tm, linking number, pseudoknot. 2.What are the structural differences between DNA and RNA? How the structural properties of DNA and RNA determine their distinct biological functions

Gene,5/e--- Watson et al.(2004) Part: Chemistry and Genetics Part ll: Maintenance of the Genome Part Ill: Expression of the Genome Part IV: Regulation Part V: Methods

Similarity of regulation between eukaryotes and prokaryote 1. Principles are the same: signals, activators and repressors, recruitment and allostery, cooperative binding 2. Expression of a gene can be regulated at the similar steps, and the initiation of transcription is the most pervasively regulated step

Part III: Expression of the Genome Ch 12: Mechanisms of Transcription Ch 13: RNA Splicing Ch 14: Trans lation Ch 15: The Genetic Code