第一节 概述 generalization 一、定义 二、分光光度法与比色法区别 三、特点 第二节 光的吸收 一、光的基本性质 二、物质的颜色和对光的选择性吸收 三、吸收光谱曲线 四、紫外吸收光谱的产生 五、有机物吸收光谱与电子跃迁 第三节 光吸收的基本定律 一、朗伯——比耳定律 二、透光度、吸光度、吸光系数、摩尔吸光系数 三、偏离朗伯—比耳定律的因素 第四节 紫外—可见分光光度计 ultraviolet -visible spectrometer 一、基本组成 general process 二、分光光度计的类型 types of spectrometer 三、分光光度计的校正 第五节 紫外-可见吸收光谱的应用 applications of UV-VIS 一、 定性、定量分析 qualitative and quanti￾tative analysis 二、在农业和生物学研究中的应用 三、有机物结构确定 structure determination of organic compounds

G1 RNA structure G2 Transcription in prikaryotes G3 The lac operon G4 The trp operon G5 Transcription in eukaryotes G6 Transcription of protein-coding genes G7 Regulation of transcription by RNA pol II G8 Processing of eukaryotic pre-mRNA G9 Ribosomal RNA G10 Transfer RNA

1. Why we introduce the concepts of work and energy? F ma CWE theorem r r total = CWE theorem Conservation of energy (More universal) 2. About the systems that we discuss Ignore the size, internal structure, internal motion, deformations, and thermal effects

Sulfur-Based Activating Groups Sulfur-Ylides Sulfur-Stabilized Carbanions: Structure Sulfone-Based Transformations Pummerer Rearrangement

重点要求掌握四个量子数对核外电子运动状态的描 述熟悉s,p,d原子轨道和电子云的形状和伸展方向；掌握 周期系内各元素原子的核外电子层结构的特征，电子排 布规律 3.1 核外电子的运动状态 3.2 核外电子的排布和元素周期律 3.3 元素基本性质的周期性

17.1 Introduction 17.2 The mating pathway is triggered by pheromone-receptor interactions 17.3 The mating response activates a G protein 17.4 Yeast can switch silent and active loci for mating type 17.5 The MAT locus codes for regulator proteins 17.6 Silent cassettes at HML and HMR are repressed 17.7 Unidirectional transposition is initiated by the recipient MAT locus 17.8 Regulation of HO expression 17.9 Trypanosomes switch the VSG frequently during infection 17.10 New VSG sequences are generated by gene switching 17.11 VSG genes have an unusual structure 17.12 The bacterial Ti plasmid causes crown gall disease in plants 17.13 T-DNA carries genes required for infection 17.14 Transfer of T-DNA resembles bacterial conjugation 17.15 Selection of amplified genomic sequences 17.16 Transfection introduces exogenous DNA into cells 17.17 Genes can be injected into animal eggs 17.18 ES cells can be incorporated into embryonic mice 17.19 Gene targeting allows genes to be replaced or knocked out

郑州大学：《混凝土结构基本理论与设计 CONCRETE STRUCTURE》课程教学资源（PPT课件）混凝土结构设计基本原则——概率极限状态设计法

SIZE OF BACTERIA Unit for measurement : Micron or micrometer,μm: 1μm=10-3mm Size: Varies with kinds of bacteria, and also related to their age and external environment

2.4 Physiological Diversity of Microorganisms 2.5 Prokaryotic Diversity 2.6 Eukaryotic Microorganisms 4.4. Cell Morphology and the Significance of BeingSmall 4.5 Cytoplasmic Membrane: Structure 4.6 Cytoplasmic Membrane: Function 4.8 The Cell Wall of Prokaryotes: Peptidoglycan andRelated Molecules 4.9 The Outer Membrane of Gram-Negative Bacteria

Structure Types of cost curves – Fixed, variable and total cost functions – Average fixed, average variable and average cost functions Marginal cost functions Marginal and variable cost functions Marginal and average cost functions Short run and long run cost curves