Chapter 5 Macromolecules and Molecular Genetics DNA Replication Complementary base pairing Semiconservative Template and primer From 5'-phosphate to the 3'-hydroxyl end DNA polymerase and ligase A short stretch of RNA serves as primer Primase: a specific RNA-polymerizing enzyme

Arrangement of DNA in Prokaryotes Vertebrates Algae Fungi Free-living prokaryotes Obligately parasitic Bacteria Chloroplasts Nudleod Mitochondria Viruses

第一节重组DNA向宿主细胞的导入 第二节转化子的筛选与鉴定 第三节目的基因序列测定

本章主要讨论DNA的生物合成即DNA的半保留复制;RNA生物合成即dA到RNA的转录 。现加上下一章蛋白质的生物合成内容(即翻译过程),就构成了分子遗传学中心法则

Chapter 26 RNA Metabolism 1. How is RNA synthesized using DNA templates (transcription)? 2. How is newly synthesized primary RNA transcripts further processed to make functional RNA molecules? 3. How is RNA and DNA synthesized using RNa as template (reverse transcription); 4. What is the evolutionary implication of the structural and functional complexity of RNA molecules?

Chapter 7 Microbial Genetics Plasmids Circular genetic elements that reproduce autonomously and have an extra chromosomal existence 1-1000 KB in size Most are circular double stranded dna. some linear ds DNA

1.1本章简介 本章旨在介绍生物信息学的基本概念,指出它在现代生物学中的重要地位。首先,我们 将简要回顾生物信息学发展的几个历史阶段,从早期的蛋白质手工测序,到今天的DNA自 动测序。读完本章,你将会发现,DNA测序自动化引起的生物信息爆炸,使生物大分子序 列数据库的数据量急剧增长,而蛋白质结构测定的速度远不能与之相比。因此,从序列信息 直接推断其可能的生物学功能就显得十分必要。本章还将简述蛋白质结构预测的现状,从蛋 白质一级结构中各种氨基酸所包含的折叠信息入手,重点说明蛋白质三级结构预测的意义, 并指出分子伴侣的本质及其在蛋白质折叠过程中的作用

1. The nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), are polymers of nucleotide units 1.1 DNA consists of four kinds of deoxyribonucleotide units linked together through covalent bonds 1.1.1 Each nucleotide unit is made of a nitrogenous base (the various part in the four different deoxyribonucleotides), a pentose sugar and a phosphate group

随着cDNA微阵列和寡核苷酸芯片(下文没有特别说明时,统称为DNA微阵列)等 高通量检测技术的发展,我们可以从全基因组水平定量或定性检测基因转录产物mrNA 在本章中,基因表达数据特指基于DNA微阵列实验得到的反映mRNA丰度的数据,而 不包括基因表达最终产物—蛋白质丰度的数据。由于生物体中的细胞种类繁多,同时基因 表达具有时空特异性,因此,基因表达数据与基因组数据相比,要更为复杂,数据量更大, 数据的增长速度更快

8.1 Some Basics 273 quence in the cells DNA. A segment of a DNA molecule 8.2 Nucleic Acid Structure 275 that contains the information required for the synthesis 8.3 Nucleic Acid Chemistry 291 8.4 Other Functions of Nucleotides 300 the only known func- Watson