1解:△S=KhW=Kn (N-n)l n! F=△E-T△S=△E- KTLn N-ln(N-n)-lnn!] 根据 Stirling公式:当N很大时,hN=NhN-N,将上式整理得 △F=△E- KTINIn N-(N-n)h(N-n)-nhn] 平衡时,自由能具有最小值,由于热缺陷n引起的自由焓的变化()xp=0

现代内部控制架构 内部控制 (一)C0S0报告概念 C0s0报告中认为:内部控制系为达到某一特定目标而设计的过程执行主体:董事会、管理阶层与其他人员 设计主体:管理阶层 达成运营效果与效率涵日的财务报导的可靠性 义 相关法令的遵循 是一种“过程”,讲求的是结果,而非结果本身 是一种受“人”影响的过程

2 concepts that enhance our understanding of risk... 1) Operating Leverage affects a firm's business risk. 2) Financial Leverage affects a firm's financial risk

一、设连续系统函数H(s)在虚轴上收敛,其幅频响应函数为H(j),试证幅度平方函数 H()?=H()(-s) sjo 二、其离散系统的系统函数z2+3z+2H(z)=2z-(K-1)z+1

To Examine Procedures Involved in Retail Organization Set Up To Examine Retail Organizational Arrangements To Consider Retailing's Special Human Resource Environment To Describe Principles and Practices of Retailing's Human Resource Management Process

一、什么是统计学?(what''s Statistics) 统计学是一门研究事物数量方面的方法论的学科。 二、什么是管理统计学?(what''s Statistics for Management) 将统计学的方法应用于管理领域,称为管理统计 学

(1)1/0方程:D(p)r(t)=N(p)e(t) (2)系统函数H(s)=(s) (3)框图/流图 (4)状态方程

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Chapter 5 Electronic commerce information's search and selection In physical markets, consumer search activities include reading advertisements, calling endors, and visiting stores. In a virtual marketplace, all these activities seem to converge into Web searches and Web browsing. Not surprisingly, search services are the first market infrastructure to be built in the electronic marketplace