Cell Biology Tool for studying microbiology: Microscopes and Microscopy Microscope: (a) Bright-field (b) Phase contrast (c) Dark-field (d) Fluorescence

Ribosomal RNAs as Evolutionary Chronometers Reasons: Ancient molecules Functionally constant Universally distributed Moderately well conserved in sequence across broad phylogenetic distances

一、实验目的 1.学习、掌握油镜的使用; 2.学习、掌握细菌涂片染色; 3.学习、掌握细菌的革兰氏染色; 4.建立\无菌操作的概念,学习其技术

Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Genetic engineering: Isolation manipulation and expression of genetic materials. Gene cloning: Isolation and purification of specific genes In vitro recombination=recombinant DNA

Chapter 7 Regulation of Gene Expression Regulation of Enzyme Activity Constitutive enzymes -Enzymes induced by specific circumstances Two major modes of regulation in the cell Control the activity of preexisting enzymes Control the amount of an enzyme

Eukarva: Eukaryotic Microorganisms Algae: Phototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms Fungi: Nonphotosynthetic eukaryotic microorganisms that contain rigid cell walls Slime molds: nonphototrophic eukaryotic microorganisms that lack cell walls and that aggregate to form fruiting structures (cellular slime molds) or masses of protoplasm (acellular slime

Wonder of the Genetic Engineering Expression of luciferase gene in a plant

Biodegradation of xenobiotics H DDT: dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (an organochlorine) -SCHCOOC H Xenobiotics are chemically CHO CH22COOC2H Malathion; mercaptosuccinic acid diethyl ester synthesized compounds that (an organophosphate) have never been existed

Chapter 17 Microbial Ecology 2 Methane and methanogenesis Rumen microbial ecology Biogeochemical cycles: nitrogen Biogeochemical cycles: sulfur Biogeochemical cycles: iron Microbial leaching Biogeochemical cycles: trace metals and mercury

清华大学：《分子生物学》课程PPT教学课件（基因ene）第二十九章 梯度、级联和发信号的途径（Gradients, cascades, and signaling pathways）