掌握：流式细胞术和流式细胞仪基本概念、流式细胞仪的原理和基本结构 熟悉：流式细胞仪性能指标、技术要点、应用与维护 了解：Luminex技术

第一节 电位分析技术原理 第二节 电解质分析仪 钾、钠、氯、钙、锂、pH值 第三节 血气分析仪 酸碱度（pH）、二氧化碳分压（PCO2）和氧分压（PO2）

第一节 吸收光谱分析仪器与技术 一、紫外-可见分光光度分析仪器与技术 二、原子吸收分光光度分析仪器与技术 第二节 发射光谱分析仪器与技术 一、原子发射光谱分析仪器与技术 二、荧光分析仪器与技术 第三节 散射光谱分析仪器与技术（了解） 一、散射光谱技术基本原理 二、常用浊度法分析仪器

Category of sample Blood, Urine, Stool, nasal washing, nasal swab, throat swab, saliva, sputum, rectal swab, vesicle fluid scraping or swab) tissue, brain biopsy, cerebrospinal fluid, et

Medical Virology Dept. of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Shanghai Second Medical University Shanghai, China. E.mail:(xkguoshsmu.edu.cn)

Spirochetes Gram negative Long, thin, helical, motile axial filaments locomotion between peptidoglycan layer/outer membrane runs parallel

Biological Features Structure and chemical composition Developmental cycle Staining properties Antigens Growth and metabolism Characteristics of host-parasite- relationship Classification

Campylobacter Among the most widespread cause of infection in the world Cause both diarrheal and systemic diseases Campylobacter jejuni

brucella The genus Brucella consists of six species four of which cause human brucellosis Afj 鲁菌病: Brucella melitensis羊布鲁菌, Brucella suis猪布鲁菌, Brucella abortus 牛布鲁菌, and brucella canis犬布鲁菌 Are all intracellular organisms .B neotomaeB ovis

General introduction Gram-negative, obligate intracellular coccobacilli bacteria that infect mammals and arthropods Rickettsiae are transmitted in the arthropods, which serves as both vector and reservior Both dna and rna Is sensitive to antibiotic