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In lecture D2 we introduced the position velocity and acceleration vectors and referred them to a fixed cartesian coordinate system. While it is clear that the choice of coordinate system does not affect the final answer, we shall see that, in practical problems, the choice of a specific system may simplify the calculations considerably. In previous lectures, all the vectors at all points in the trajectory were expressed in the

In this lecture we will look at some other common systems of coordinates. We will present polar coordinates in two dimensions and cylindrical and spherical coordinates in three dimensions. We shall see that these systems are particularly useful for certain classes of problems Like in the case of intrinsic coordinates presented in the previous lecture, the reference frame changes from point to point. However, for the coordinate systems to be presented below, the reference frame depends only on the position of the particle. This is in contrast with the intrinsic coordinates, where the reference frame is a function of the position, as well as the path

is a vector equation that relates the magnitude and direction of the force vector, to the magnitude and direction of the acceleration vector. In the previous lecture we derived expressions for the acceleration vector expressed in cartesian coordinates. This expressions can now be used in Newton's second law, to produce the equations of motion expressed in cartesian coordinates

We will start by studying the motion of a particle. We think of particle as a body which has mass, but has negligible dimensions. Treating bodies as particles is, of course, an idealization which involves an approximation. This approximation may be perfectly acceptable in some situations and not adequate in some other cases. For instance, if we want to study the motion of planets it is common to consider each planet as a particle

In this course we will study Classical Mechanics. Particle motion in Classical Mechanics is governed by Newton's laws and is sometimes referred to as Newtonian Mechanics. These laws are empirical in that they combine observations from nature and some intuitive concepts. Newton's laws of motion are not self evident. For instance, in Aristotelian mechanics before Newton, force was thought to be required in order

第一节机床的分类、型号编制方法和构造 第二节车床与车刀 第三节钻床、镗床与孔加工刀具 第四节铣床与铣刀 第五节刨床、拉床及工艺特点 第六节磨床与砂轮 第七节齿轮加工机床与齿轮加工刀具

第一节基本概念 第二节定位基准的选择 第三节工艺路线的拟定 第四节加工余量及工序间尺寸的确定 第五节工艺尺寸链的计算 第六节时间定额及劳动生产率 第七节典型零件工艺

第一节金属的切削过程 第二节切削力与切削功率 第三节切削热与切削温度 第四节刀具的磨损及使用寿命 第五节刀具合理几何参数的选择 第六节工件材料的切削加工性

新陈代谢(metabolism) 是指发生在活细胞中的各种分解代谢( catabolism)和合成代谢(anabolism)的总 和 即:新陈代谢=分解代谢+合成代谢