节以无限深势阱为例介绍薛定谔方程应用 一维问题 本节以氢原子为例介绍薛定谔方程应用 三维问题 要求:思路,重要结论

一.物态 物质的聚集态:大量粒子在一定温度、压强等外界条件下聚集而成的稳定结构状态

§17.1 物质波假设及其实验验证 §17.2 不确定关系

8.1粒子在中心力场中的运动问题 设电子与原子核的约化质量为=m,V(r)=-e,哈密顿量为

薛定谔方程及其应用 微观粒子的基本属性不能用经典语言确切表达, “波粒二象性”借用经典语言进行互补性描述。 对微观客体的数学描述可以脱离日常生活经验,避免 借用经典语言引起的表观矛盾。 量子力学包含一套计算规则及对数学程式的物理解 释,是建立在基本假设之上的构造性理论,其正确 性由实践检验

一个关于量子力学家沃纳·海森堡的故事, 在他临终之前,他说有两个问题想问上帝, 一个是为什么有相对性,另一个是为什么有 波动。海森堡说:“我想上帝可能对第一个问 题有答案

中国著名核物理学家、纳米专 家、半导体专家等科技界权威人士今天聚会,纪念100年前创立、对本世纪经 济、科技、军事和社会进程产生重大影响的量子论。 应用量子论,参与研制中国第一颗原子弹的物理学家、中国科学协会主席 周光召在纪念大会上说,量子论和量子力学对人类社会的科学、哲学、技术和 经济带来了巨大的影响

能带理论是目前研究固体中电子运动的一个主要理论基础在二十世纪二十年代末和三十年代初期, 在量子力学运动规律确立以后,它是在用量子力学研究金属电导理论的过程中开始发展起来的.最 初的成就在于定性地阐明了晶体中电子运动的普遍性的特点

That streams of electrons possess the properties of beams of waves was dis- covered early in 1927 in a large industrial laboratory in the midst of a great city, and in a small university laboratory overlooking a cold and desolate sea. The coincidence seems the more striking when one remembers that facil- ities for making this discovery had been in constant use in laboratories throughout the world for more than a quarter of a century. And yet the coincidence was not, in fact, in any way remarkable. Discoveries in physics are made when the time for making them is ripe, and not before; the stage is set, the time is ripe, and the event occurs-more often than not at widely separated places at almost the same moment

Nobel lecture december 12, 1933 On passing through an optical instrument, such as a telescope or a camera lens, a ray of light is subjec reflecting surface. The path of the rays can be constructed if we know the two simple laws which govern the changes in direction: the law of refrac- tion which was discovered by Snellius a few hundred years ago, and the law of reflection with which Archimedes was familiar more than 2,000 years ago