PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) Three steps: denaturation, primer annealing, polymerization. Peoples Choice Reaction

Chapter 3 Techniques in Cell Biology Preparatory observe put forward theoretics Design control tests Refer to knowledge Collect data Explain results Devise conclusion

Chapter 6 Cytoplasmic matrix, Endomembrane system, Protein Sorting and membrane trafficking Learning objective 1. Compartmentalization in Eukaryotic Cells 2. The structural and functional relationship among the er, Golgi complexes, lysosomes and plasma membranes ofeukaryotic cells

第九章核糖体( ribosome) 一、核糖体的类型与结尥 二、多聚核糖体与蛋白质的合成

Chapter 8 Nucleus and chromosomes Learning Objectives (1)A typical nonmitotic nucleus includes several majorcomponents. (2) Nuclear envelope and nuclear pore complex. (3)The components of chromatin and packaging ofchromosome (4) Nucleolus

Announcements: Power Point Lecture Notes Available on BCMP200 Website For further reading Nucleic Acids: Structures, Properties, and Functions V.A. Bloomfield D. M. Crothers

Equilibria and free energies Estimate binding site occupancy Forces driving protein-DNA interactions Lambda repressor Methods to study protein-DNA interactions

2.1 Introduction We can think about mapping genes and genomes at several levels of resolution: A genetic (or linkage) map identifies the distance between mutations in terms of recombination frequencies. A linkage map can also be constructed by measuring recombination between sites in genomic DNA

Techniques to manipulate DNA Phenol/chloroform extraction Ethanol precipitation Concentration determination Gel Electrophoresis DNA hybridization Southern blotting Melting temperatures

29.1 Introduction 29.2 Fly development uses a cascade of transcription factors 29.3 A gradient must be converted into discrete compartments 29.4 Maternal gene products establish gradients in early embryogenesis 29.5 Anterior development uses localized gene regulators