• Nature of citizenship • Western understanding of citizenship • Citizenship as a practice • Main principles of citizenship • Citizens' civic obligations /responsibilities • Understanding of the common good: public good, social good • Understanding of the civic virtue • Understanding the deliberative aspect • Reasons for citizens education • Decline of political awareness of young people • Social and moral deviancy • Complex and heterogeneous Western societies • Complex political and social world • Definition of citizens education • Passive learning / active learning • Classroom learning community learning

3.1 Brief introduction of chemical reaction rates 3.2 Brief introduction of effect of concentration of reactants on reaction rate —the rate expression 3.3 Brief introduction of effect of temperature on reaction rate—Arrhenius equation 3.4 Brief introduction of theory of reaction rate and reaction mechanisms 3.5 Brief introduction of catalyst and catalysis

REVIEWS The Art and Science of Total Synthesis at the Dawn of the Twenty-First Century** K. C. Nicolaou, Dionisios Vourloumis, Nicolas Winssinger, and Phil S. Baran Dedicated to Professor E. J. Corey for his outstanding contributions to organic synthesis At the dawn of the twenty-first cen-of the most exciting and important covery and invention of new synthetic tury, the state of the art and science of discoveries of the twentieth century in strategies and technologies; and explo- vnth

The difference betWeen the systems of CaO-SiO2-H2O and CaO-SiO2-Al(OH)3-H2O, was studied,especially the effect of Al3+ on the crystallinity of tobermorite was focussed. As a result, in the system of CaO-SiO2-H2O, tobermorite formed early, howevey, with reaction time forward, tobermorite was replaced by xonotlite. So far as CaO-SiO2-Al(OH)3-H2O was concemed, hydrothermal reaction was carried out under the same condition as CaO-SiO2-H2O to study the morphological changes of tobermorite crystals. It was found that Al3+ accelerated the crystal growth of tobermorite to some extent and was in favor of platy crystals. Moreover, with the Al3+ content increasing in the starting material, the morphology of tobermorite did not change magnificently, but platy crystals became more and more eminent. As soon as the Al2O3