Acute gastritis Etiology Pathogenesis Food and Drugs: Severe stress state: Shock, hydrocephalus, sudden trauma, serious infection, major operation, etc Vagal stimulation Acid secretion Release of vasoactive amine and cytokines Microcirculation disdurbance Gastric mucosal ischemia Impairment of mucosal and mucous barriers Back-diffusion of hydrogen ions

Background Diarrhea is a clinical syndrome of diverse etiology associated with many influencing factors. It is the most frequent childhood disease second only to the respiratory infection. The major cause of death among world's children and the number one killer of children under five in many developing countries

Communicable disease: Pathogen-→body→Infectious disease source of infection Pathogen route of transmission crowd easy to feel

Chapter 5 Neonate and Neonatal diseases 1. Neonatal outline 2. Neonatal respiratory diseases 3. Neonatal jaundice and hemolysis 4 Neonatal brain diseases 5, Neonatal infection

1. General Considerations 2. Respiratory Disorders 3. Jaundice and Hemolytic Disease 4. Neurological Disorders and Infection

Viral gastroenteritis It is thought that viruses are responsible for up to 3/4 of all infective diarrhoeas Viral gastroenteritis is the second most common viral illness after upper respiratory tract infection

Campylobacter Among the most widespread cause of infection in the world Cause both diarrheal and systemic diseases Campylobacter jejuni

Major causes of death for pregnancy women ( maternal mortality) Postpartum hemorrhage (28%) · heart diseases pregnancy-induced hypertension (or Amniotic fluid embolism) infection

感染性疾病的基本概念 ·感染 infection 内源性 -外源性 ·毒力 virulence 半数致死量 median lethal dose,LD50 半数感染量 median infective dose,ID

As aerosols are important sources of infection, care should be taken to reduce the extent of their formation and dispersion Hazardous aerosols can be generated by many laboratory operations, e.g. blending, mixing, grinding, shaking, stirring, sonicating and centrifuging of infectious materials. Even when safe equipment is used, it is best to carry out these operations in an approved biological safety cabinet whenever possible