1. What are the gene expression stages that can be regulated? (10 points) Regulated stages in gene expression: (1) transcription initiation (the most important stage): RNAP binding of the promoter, transition from the closed complex to the open complex; promoter escape 4’ (2) stages after initiation (elongation and termination) 2’ (3) RNA processing (alternative splicing) in eukaryotes 2’ (4) translation 2’
Transcription is very similar to DNA replication but there are some important differencesi 1 RNA is made of ribonucleotides 2. RNA polymerase catalyzes the reaction 3. The synthesized RNa does not remain base-paired to the template DNA strand 4. Less accurate(error rate: 10-4)
Your answer should describe what each item is and how it functions in the cell. Diagrams, structure and sequence information could be included in your answer, as necessary. 1. Affinity chromotography 2. microRNA 3. Alternative splicing 4. Insulator 5. Riboswitch 6. Wobble concept 7. Topoisomerase