l Chapter 2-Learning objectives Convert raw data into a data array Construct a frequency distribution a relative frequency distribution a cumulative relative frequency distribution Construct a stem-and-leaf diagram Visually represent data by using graphs and charts

采用热模拟和显微组织分析方法,研究了冷却速率、变形温度、变形量等轧制工艺参数对一种X70级微合金管线钢组织及马氏体/奥氏体(M/A)小岛的影响.结果表明:增大冷速、降低变形温度均可使组织细化,组织中多边形铁素体减少,针状铁素体增多;同时,在不同的控轧条件下,会形成一定的M/A小岛,变形温度对M/A小岛影响不大,而适当提高冷速和增大变形量将减少小岛相对量,并使其细小而弥散分布于基体;合理控制形变参数及冷速可获得较理想的显微组织与M/A小岛的配合,提高材料性能

It is well known that rapidly pulsed current tends to concentrate near the surface of copper conductors forming a “skin”. A similar effect occurs when current flows through a highly conductive and rapidly moving plasma: current tends to concentrate near the entrance and exit of the channel. The reason is the appearance of a strong

以6005A铝合金商品实际产生的表面少缺陷、多缺陷试样，以及作为比较的完全去除商品表面膜的人工磨制的三种不同表面状态试样为研究对象，研究铝合金商品表面的实际损伤对其耐海水腐蚀性能的影响及其腐蚀电化学行为.通过场发射扫描电镜和激光共聚焦扫描显微镜对具有不同表面状态的6005A铝合金表面形貌和粗糙度进行了表征，表明铝合金商品实际产生的表面缺陷主要为划伤，体现在随着表面缺陷的增多，表面粗糙度Ra明显增大，表面粗糙度Ra大小可以定量描述表面损伤的严重程度. 6005A铝合金在NaCl质量分数3.5%的模拟海水溶液中发生全面腐蚀和点蚀，表面缺陷越多，粗糙度越大，耐蚀性越差；电化学测试结果表明，表面缺陷越多，粗糙度越大，腐蚀电位越低，腐蚀电流密度越大，耐蚀性越差. 6005A铝合金表面损伤对其耐海水腐蚀性能产生影响的原因为：表面损伤造成铝合金商品原表面膜被破坏，表面缺陷越多，粗糙度越大，表面膜的破坏和表面塑性变形越严重，铝元素会因为被活化而迅速溶解，有着更高的腐蚀速率，而缺陷较少表面有较为均匀致密的氧化膜，对基体有着较好的保护性

测试了阴离子型低相对分子质量聚丙烯酰胺PAM A401作用对煤及高岭石絮体表观粒径分布、样品红外光谱以及表面润湿性的影响,并通过浮选速度实验验证PAM A401的作用效果.研究表明,12 mg·L-1PAM A401且循环搅拌11 min时,煤絮体累积粒度分布达到10%、50%和90%时对应的粒径分别是高岭石絮体的6.86、2.22和2.45倍,呈较好的絮凝选择性.吸附PAM A401后,煤的亲水性官能团特征峰增强,疏水性降低;高岭石的亲、疏水性官能团均有增加,疏水性略高.与常规浮选相比,选择性絮凝浮选实验的浮选速率较大,捕收剂用量降低30%.浮选3 min时,选择性絮凝浮选实验的可燃体回收率为81.57%,较常规浮选实验高3.64%,精煤灰分相当.PAM A401虽使煤颗粒的表面润湿性降低,但微细粒煤颗粒表观粒径增大的效应促进微细粒煤泥的分选

Suppose we want to move a satellite in a circular orbit to a position ∆ϑ apart in the same orbit, in a time ∆t (assumed to be several orbital times at least). The general approach is to transfer to a lower (for positive ∆ϑ ) or higher (for ∆ϑ < 0 ) nearby

Part I Reading(40%) Passage 1 Malcolm Greenway is thirty-five years old, married with two children. He lives in a town about twenty kilometers away from the school in which he teaches, and goes to work every morning by car. The village school was built about forty years ago by the local education authority for only about sixty. a new room has recently been added to be used as a dining room, and the playground has been enlarged and improved. A woman teacher is in charge of the youngest children

A True panel vs a Pooled cross section Often loosely use the term panel data to refer to any data set that has both a cross sectional dimension and a time-series dimension More precisely it's only data following the same cross-section units over time Otherwise it's a pooled cross-section Economics 20- Prof anderson

Indicated Airspeed a Indicated on Instrument a Measurement of pressure on Aircraft(ie Load) O Used for structural operating limits Calibrated Airspeed a Pitot-Static Errors calibrated out a Used for Flight test and performance Groundspeed a Achieved speed over ground

使用分析纯试剂配料,在1350℃保温1 h的条件下合成了A/S=5（Al2O3与SiO2质量比）的铝酸钙熟料.研究了钙铝比C/A（除去与SiO2结合的CaO后CaO与Al2O3的摩尔比）对熟料中12CaO·7Al2O3晶体结构及其氧化铝浸出性能的影响,并通过X射线衍射和X射线荧光等分析手段对其作用机理进行了探讨.结果表明：由于12CaO·7Al2O3量的增加,C/A=1.0~1.4时,石灰烧结法熟料溶出率随着C/A的提高而提高；在C/A=1.4时,熟料溶出率最高可达93.30%,此时CaO的缺失形成了有缺陷的12CaO·7Al2O3,且其中CaO的物质的量小于11.3 mol；钙铝比提高到1.7时熟料溶出率又出现了下降趋势,这是由于CaO的饱和导致12CaO·7Al2O3晶体择优生长取向发生变化,由（211）面开始向（420）晶面转变