Ch. 18 Vector Time series 1 Introduction In dealing with economic variables often the value of one variables is not only related to its predecessors in time but, in addition, it depends on past values of other variables. This naturally extends the concept of univariate stochastic process to vector time series analysis. This chapter describes the dynamic in

• 一、向量自回归模型定义 • 二、VAR的稳定性 • 三、VAR模型滞后期k的选择 • 四、VAR模型的脉冲响应函数和方差分解 • 五、格兰杰非因果性检验 • 六、VAR与协整 • 七、实例

• 一、多重共线性的概念 • 二、实际经济问题中的多重共线性 • 三、多重共线性的后果 • 四、多重共线性的检验 • 五、克服多重共线性的方法 • 六、案例 • *七、分部回归与多重共线性

一、多重共线性 对于模型 在求最小二乘估计时,要求XX的逆存在。当XX的逆不 存在时,即,x之间存在高相关的情况,我们称之为多重 共线性

Ch. 17 Maximum likelihood estimation e identica ation process having led to a tentative formulation for the model, we then need to obtain efficient estimates of the parameters. After the parameters have been estimated, the fitted model will be subjected to diagnostic checks This chapter contains a general account of likelihood method for estimation of the parameters in the stochastic model

Ch. 15 Forecasting Having considered in Chapter 14 some of the properties of ARMA models, we now show how they may be used to forecast future values of an observed time series. For the present we proceed as if the model were known ecactly Forecasting is an important concept for the studies of time series analysis. In the scope of regression model we usually

Ch. 14 Stationary ARMA Process a general linear stochastic model is described that suppose a time series to be generated by a linear aggregation of random shock. For practical representation it is desirable to employ models that use parameters parsimoniously. Parsimony may often be achieved by representation of the linear process in terms of a small number of autoregressive and moving

• 多元线性回归模型 • 多元线性回归模型的参数估计 • 多元线性回归模型的统计检验 • 多元线性回归模型的预测 • 回归模型的其他形式 • 回归模型的参数约束

一、狭义的工具变量法（IV） 二、间接最小二乘法(ILS) 三、二阶段最小二乘法(2SLS) 四、三种方法的等价性证明 五、简单宏观经济模型实例演示 六、主分量法的应用 七、其它有限信息估计方法简介 八、k级估计式

Ch. 13 Difference Equations 1 First-Order Difference Equations Suppose we are given a dynamic equation relating the value y takes on at date t to another variables Wt and to the value y took in the previous period: where o is a constant. Equation(1)is a linear first-order difference equation a difference equation is an expression relating a variable yt to its previous values