一、细菌的生长繁殖 （一）生长繁殖的条件 1.营养物质 水 碳源:糖类、有机酸 氮源:蛋白质或蛋白质的降解产物(如蛋白胨、氨基酸等)

一、实验目的 1.画出分枝杆菌、霍乱弧菌以及白喉棒状杆菌、破伤风芽孢梭菌、炭疽杆菌等其他细菌。 2.初步掌握结核痰标本直接涂片抗酸染色检查法

指在厌氧条件下才能生长的菌群。分为芽胞厌氧菌与无芽胞厌氧菌两大类。其中厌氧菌梭菌与医学关系最为密切

1. 掌握血细胞计数板的使用方法 2. 掌握MACS的原理、方法、结果评价 3. 熟悉细胞分选的方法 4. 熟悉LDA、CD的概念及应用 5. 了解单克隆抗体的制备原理

present on the B-cell membrane and secreted by plasma cells. Membrane-bound antibody con- fers antigenic specificity on B cells; antigen-specific prolifer- ation of B-cell clones is elicted by the interaction of membrane antibody with antigen Secreted antibodies ci culate in the blood, where they serve as the effectors of hu- moral immunity by searching out and neutralizing antigens or marking them for elimination. All antibodies share struc

第一节球菌 种类:革兰阳性球菌葡萄球菌、链球菌、肺炎链球菌。 革兰阴性球菌ㄧ脑膜炎球菌、淋球菌。 化脓性球菌:对人类有致病作用的病原性球菌,因能引起化脓性炎症, 故又称化脓性球菌

抗原递呈细胞 ( antigen presenting cell,APC) 定义:是能摄取、加工、处理抗原并将抗原信 息提呈给淋巴细胞的细胞 分类:专职抗原递呈细胞—巨噬细胞、树 突状细胞、B细胞等

一、教学目的 1. 掌握系统性血管炎（巨细胞动脉炎、大动脉炎 、结节性多动脉炎、显微镜下多血管炎、韦格氏肉芽肿、变异性肉芽肿性血管炎、白赫切特病）的临床表现、实验室检查及血清免疫学检测临床意义

一、教学目的（掌握、熟悉、了解的具体内容） 1. 掌握 SLE 累及多系统多脏器损害的临床表现、实验室检查及血清免疫学检测临床意义。 2. 熟悉 SLE 的诊断依据、治疗原则。 3. 了解 SLE 疾病的特点、诱发因素及病理学特征

cell receptor when complexed with MHC,are called antigens. The molecular properties of antigens and he way in which these properties ultimately contribute to immune activation are central to our understanding of the mmune system. This chapter describes some of the molecu- Complementarity of Interacting Surfaces of Antibody(left) lar features of antigens recognized by B or T cells. The chap and Antigen(rig ter also explores the contribution made to immunogenicity by the biological system of the host; ultimately the biological system determines whether a molecule that combines with a a Immunogenicity Versus Antigenicity Bor T cells antigen-binding receptor can then induce an im