I．Choose the Correct Answer 1. A disturbance can be written x b xt b t a y(x,t) (e e e ) 2 2 −( / ) 2 / − = . This disturbance is （ D ） (A) Not a traveling wave. (B) A traveling wave with speed v = a. (C) A traveling wave with speed v = a/b. (D) A traveling wave with speed v = b

Why use phonemic symbols? The alphabet which we use to write English has 26 letters but (British) English has 44 sounds. Inevitably, English spelling is not a reliable guide to pronunciation because Some letters have more than one sound Sometimes letters are not pronounced at all The same sound may be represented by different letters

English vowels & vowel classification The English pure vowels can be classified according to the height of the raised part of the tongue the part of the tongue raised the position of the lips

Subject: English Pronunciation for Communication Purpose: The students will learn the consonants: “fricatives” and “affricates” in English. Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. Define - in their own words a definition for “fricatives” and “affricates”;

Subject: English Pronunciation for Communication Purpose: The students will learn the consonants: front vowels & central vowels in English. Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. Define - in their own words a definition for front vowels & central vowels;

The students will learn vowels: diphthongs in English. Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. Define - in their own words a definition for Vowels: Diphthongs; 2. Compare – based on the understanding of the basic concept, compare them with other vowels;

Subject: English Pronunciation for Communication Purpose: The students will learn stressed words & unstressed words in a sentence in English. Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. Define - in their own words a definition for stressed words & unstressed words in a sentence. It is a revision and therefore, easy for most of the students;

The students will learn rhythm of English speech. Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. Define - in their own words a definition for rhythm of English speech. It is a revision and therefore, easy for most of the students; 2. Compare – based on the understanding of the basic concept, compare different types of speech rhythm in connected speech;

Subject: English Pronunciation for Communication Purpose: The students will learn intonation units of English. Objectives: Students will be able to: 1. Define - in their own words a definition for intonation units. 2. Compare – based on the understanding of the basic concept, compare different units of intonation in speech;

Interpretation over a singleton Let I be , and σ ∈ ΣI. 1. I(A)(σ) = I(∀xA)(σ). 2. I(t)(σ) = a. 3. I(Sx1,···,xn t1,···,tn A)(σ) = I(A)(σ). 4. I0(P), σ(P) ∈ {I(n), Ψ(n)} for every n-ary predicate constant (variable), where