Outline Distance Matrix Methods Neighbor-Joining Method and Related Neighbor Methods Maximum Likelihood Parsimony Branch and bound Heuristic Seaching Consensus Trees Software(PHYLIP, PAUP)

What is a genome? 123456789101112 13141516171819202122XY A genome is NoT a bag of proteins

Review of markov models DNA Evolution CpG Island HMM The viterbi algorithm Real World HMMs Markov models for dna evolution Ch. 4 of Mount

Outline Brief review of protein structure chou -Fasman- predictions Garnier, Osguthorpe and Robson Helical wheels and hydrophobic moments Neural networks Nearest neighbor methods Consensus prediction approaches

Review -Homology Modeling Identify a protein with similar sequence for which a structure has been solved (the template) Align the target sequence with the template Use the alignment to build an approximate structure for the target

1. Grow crystals-structure determination by X-ray crystallography relies on the repeating structure of a crystalline lattice 2. Collect a diffraction pattern-periodically spaced atoms in the crystal give specific\spots\where x-rays interfere constructively

Why the hype? Microarray platforms CDNA VS oligo technologies Sample applications Analysis of microarray data clustering of co-expressed genes some classic microarray papers

Applications of AFM Biology and Biomaterials Applications of Atomic Force Microscopy for Contact Lens Manufacturing Applications for the Biological Sciences Direct Measurement of single Immunocomplex Formation by Atomic Force Microscopy

植物在自然界的作用，地球上植物的产生，植物与植物生物学，以及如何学习植物生物学

植物细胞的周期和增殖，重点介绍植物细胞分裂的方式、细胞周期的调控以及细胞凋亡的概念及其生物学意义