No molecule in a living organism is a permanent resident. Within 7 years, most of the molecules in a human body have been replaced by new one! Individual? Decided completely by the genetic code? No! An individual's identity is continually re-established each and every moment

How does it work? Ofloxacin belongs to a group of broad spectrum antibiotics called the quinolones. It works by entering the bacterial cell and inhibiting a chemical called DNA-gyrase which is involved in the production of genetic material (DNA). This therefore prevents the bacteria from reproducing

本章目录 一、遗传信息(genetic information) 二、细胞通讯(cell communication)) 三、感觉和行为(senses& behavior

• 基因工程 ( genetic engineering)、基因 克隆、DNA重组、DNA克隆、分子克隆 • 克隆（clone） 无性繁殖 – 应用酶学的方法，在体外将目的基因与载体 DNA结合成一具有自我复制能力的DNA分 子（复制子、重组体），继而通过转化或转 染宿主细胞、筛选出含有目的基因的转化子 细胞，再进行扩增、提取获得大量同一DNA 分子拷贝，或其表达产物

第一节 目的基因的获取 第二节 基因体外重组 第三节 转基因 第四节 基因敲除与基因诊断 第五节 动物克隆技术

Gene clusters are formed by duplication and divergence Sequence divergence is the basis for the evolutionary clock Pseudogenes are dead ends of evolution Unequal crossing-over rearranges gene clusters Genes for rRNA form tandem repeats ( The repeated genes for rRNA maintain constant sequence) Crossover fixation could maintain identical repeats Satellite DNAs often lie in heterochromatin Arthropod satellites have very short identical repeats Mammalian satellites consist of hierarchical repeats Minisatellites are useful for genetic mapping

《医学遗传学 Medical Genetics》课程电子教案（PPT课件讲稿，英文版）20 遗传咨询 Genetic Counseling

对于医学而言，群体遗传是要探讨遗传病的发病频率、遗传方式、致病基因频率及其变化的规律，以了解遗传病在群体中的发生和分布的规律，为预防、监测和治疗遗传病提供重要的信息和措施。因此也称为遗传流行病学（genetic epidemiology）。• 群体的基因频率如何变化？ • 决定因素有哪些？ • 这些因素又是怎样作用于群体并导致群体基因频率发生变化的？

◼ 前言 ◼ 遗传病治疗的原则 ◼ 传统的遗传病的治疗方法 ◼ 基因治疗

• Introduction • What is Medical Genetics? • Genetic disease • Role of Medical Genetics in Medical Education