生物技术被世界各国视为一种高新技术,因为它是解决人类所面临的诸如食品短缺问 题、健康问题、环境问题及资源问题的关键性技术还因为它与理、工、医、农等科技的发 展,与伦理、道德、法律等社会问题有着密切的联系,对国计民生将产生重大的影响。普及 现代科学技术知识是培养造就高素质人才群体的基础条件。在日益重视、提倡素质教育的今 天,对高等院校学生加强科学技术的普及教育,提高学生的高科技意识就显得特别重要

生物催化与生物转化是指利用酶或有机体作为催化剂实现化学转化的过程,它为工业、 农业、环境保护、食品工业以及精细化工等产业的发展提供了前所未有的动力。通过本课程 的学习,使学生掌握生物催化与生物转化的基本理论和基本方法并且熟悉其在各个领域的重要应用

我国已初步解决温饱,总体上达到初步小康。但发展很不平衡,尚有一些未脱贫地区存在着营养不良;而不少城市和比较富裕的地区已经出现摄入热能过量,动物性食品过多的饮食西方 化倾向,影响健康。我国政府签署了《世界营 养宣言》,承诺推行《世界营养行动计划》。 1998年9月24日卫生部公布了《中国居民膳食 指南》、《特定人群膳食指南》和《中国居民 平衡膳食宝塔》,本节主要介绍这些文件的主要精神

第一节 生态原理和生态系统 一、生态系统与农业生态系统 二．农业生态系统的物质循环和能量流动 三、农业生态平衡原理 四、绿色食品生产与生态农业发展 第二节 土壤质量和土壤管理 一、土壤质量 二、改善土壤质量的作物和土壤管理技术 第三节 病虫草害控制 一、利用作物品种多样性，建立比较稳定的生态系统 二、利用合理的轮作体系，控制土传病害 三、采取有效措施培育健康土壤，使之形成抑制性土壤 四、采取适当的生物和物理防治措施 五、适当使用允许范围内的矿质药物 六、强化生产全过程管理的意识 第四节 社会学基础 一、农村区域发展 二、性别平衡 第五节 绿色食品与有机农业的标准体系 一、绿色食品标准体系 二、国际有机农业的标准体系 第六节 绿色植物产品质量 一、产品质量的概念 二、产品质量的管理研究

The aim of this chapter is to identify the important factors in food product development to be studied in detail in the succeeding chapters. Firstly the different groups of food products are identified as a basis for organising product strategy. Then the published research on the factors in product failure and product success in all types of industries is used to identify the key factors in food product development. This leads into the management of product development at three different levels:

The ability of a company to build a knowledge core and continuously create new nowledge is critical to the success of product development. There are four areas where knowledge is needed for product development the different cultures of the world their needs wants and attitudes. and how they can assimilate and absorb new products

Consumers are the centre of product development in the food industry, directly in the design of consumer products and indirectly in the design of commodity products and industrial products. In industrial product development, the emphasis is on the immediate customer, but consideration needs to be given to the acceptance of the final product by the consumer. It is important in product development to understand basic consumer behaviour and food choice as well as the individual product/consumer relationship(Earle, 1997). Differences among

Product development management in the food system is complex, long term and capital intensive. It is total company management involving every function in the company- so it is managing either a microcosm of the company or an integration of the company functions. For a major innovation, the company may set up a new venture company or division; or a new group of people may form a new company. At this time when many new companies are being formed on the innovations of information technology and biotechnology, it is interesting to speculate on new venture companies in the food industry and the basis of their new innovations. But at the present time

Best practice in product development is a dynamic target. Not only are new practices being developed and refined but the differences in organisations demand the tailored application of these practices. There are eight basic companies, all projects and at all times. But the company philosoph knowledge, skills and assets change; and these changes cause changes in the types of product innovations and the activities in product development Successful companies recognise that product development is an important strategic issue that demands constant attention. There is a need to evaluate the product development performance and the product development success rate

First published 2001, Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press LLC 2001, Woodhead Publishing Limited The authors have asserted their moral rights This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publishers cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials. Neither the authors nor the publishers, nor anyone