Fixed Effects estimation When there is an observed fixed effect. an alternative to first differences is fixed effects estimation Consider the average over time of y Bx1+…+Bxik+a1+l The average of a, will be ai so if you subtract the mean. a will be differenced out just as when doing first differences Economics 20- Prof anderson
Outline Segmented Reporting and Responsibility Accounting System Cost- Volume-Profit- Analysis Budgeting and Budgetary Control Standard Costs and Variance Analysis Managerial Decision Making Task Team of
L. True and False Questions Decision making is a distinct management activity that should be separated from budgeting, directing, and controlling activities. (F) 2. The concept of the relevant range does not apply to fixed costs. (F) 3. A cost formula may not be valid outside the relevant range of activity ( T) 4. The high-low method is generally less accurate than the least-squares regression method for