（1）桌上只许有笔，答题纸和英文课本。（2）不许 离开自己的座位。（3）不许偷看，不许讲话 (有问题 举手）（4）老师宣布停的时候，必须放下自己的笔。 （5）老师宣布收试卷时，试卷必须快速由每排的最左 边传向右边，每排最右边的同学负责把试卷交给当堂 助教

（1）桌上只许有笔，答题纸和英文课本。（2）不许 离开自己的座位。（3）不许偷看，不许讲话 (有问题 举手）（4）老师宣布停的时候，必须放下自己的笔。 （5）老师宣布收试卷时，试卷必须快速由每排的最左 边传向右边，每排最右边的同学负责把试卷交给当堂 助教

The principle of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was first reported in 1971 (Kleppe et al., 1971), but it was only after the dis￾covery of the thermostable Taq DNA polymerase (Saiki et al., 1988; Lawyer et al., 1989) that this technology became easy to use

troduce different notations. Some consider “NTP” a general term for deoxynucleotides, but the absence of the letter “d” indicates a ribonucleotide to others. Commercial literature also describes ribonucleotides as “RTP’s.” If the letter “d” is present, the name describes a deoxynucleotide. If “d” is absent, check the literature

Air Buoyancy Akin to water keeping something afloat, samples can be “lifted” by air, artificially decreasing their apparent weight. This air buoy￾ancy can have a significant effect on smaller samples. Electrostatic Forces Electrostatic charges are almost always present in any environ￾ment, particularly in areas with very low humidity. If there are

This book celebrates the importance of the question; it is not meant to be a collection of facts or procedures. The writing of this book was inspired by 16 years of queries from the research community.The con￾tributors and I have tried to meet two primary objectives:

What Are the Symptoms of Acrylamide Poisoning? The initial symptoms of acrylamide poisoning on the skin are peeling of the skin at the point of contact, followed by tingling and numbness in the exposed area. If exposure by any means (touch, ingestion, inhalation) continues, muscular weakness, difficulty maintaining balance

一、构成性转录因子SP1对持家基因的调控作用 1、Housekeeping （constitutive）genes （持家 基因） : 细胞内的蛋白质编码基因，维持细胞的基 本过程。 2、 SP1结合于保守性序列GGGCGG的GC丰富 序列，该序列位于许多持家基因的启动子中。 3、 SP1含有: 3 zinc finger motifs which bind to GC-rich sequance , 2个 glutamine-rich domains interact with TAFII110 of TFII D

一、 一般特征 二、 DNA 聚合酶链反应 三、 细菌 DNA 的复制 1、E.coli 中的 DNA 聚合酶：3 种 2、复制起始点的特点：在 E.coli 中，只有一个复制点，oriC

一、顺式作用元件和反式作用因子 Cis-acting element：不编码任何产物的 DNA片段，能影响与之相联系的同一条 DNA链上的基因表达 :启动子。 Trans-acting factor （转录因子TF） 由调节基因编码，调节基因是一种特殊 的结构基因，其编码产物（RNA或蛋白质） 可以扩散，控制其他基因的表达