1.δ函数的定义和主要性质 d函数的概念是 Dirac首先提出来的,它有直接的物理背景。例如考虑一些电荷分布在一条直线上, 可以引入线电荷密度p(x)来描写这个分布,它的定义是

1、设粒子的归一化波函数为(x,y2),求 (1)在(xx+dx)范围内找到粒子的几率; (2)在(y,y2)范围内找到粒子的几率; (3)在(x1,x2)及(1=2)范围内找到粒子的几率

The events leading to the discovery of tunnelling supercurrents took place while I was working as a research student at the Royal Society Mond Labo- ratory, Cambridge, under the supervision of Professor Brian Pippard. During my second year as a research student, in 1961-2, we were fortunate to have as a visitor to the laboratory Professor Phil Anderson, who has made numerous

Good to see you. I am sorry I am not able to be there for your birthday. Jackie and I really loved our visit last year, and I am sure we would have enormously enjoyed what I expect will be a great party, but at the moment we have a previous engagement somewhere in Thailand. I have known Claudio since he was a mere lad of 22, a young graduate student of Johnnie Wheeler when I first came to Princeton. He then stayed on as an Assistant

Nobel Lecture december 13. 1946 The history of the discovery of the exclusion principle m, for which I have received the honor of the Nobel Prize award in the year 1945, goes back to my students days in Munich. While, in school in Vienna, I had already ob- tained some knowledge of classical physics and the then new Einstein rel- ativity theory, it was at the University of Munich that I was introduced by Sommerfeld to the structure of the atom- somewhat strange from the point of view of classical physics. I was not spared the which every

整个科学的发展与全人类的文化是分不开的,在西方是这样,在中国也是如此。可是科 学的发展在西方与中国并不完全一样。在西方,尤其是如果把希腊文化也算作西方文化的话, 可以说,近代西方科学的发展和古希腊有更密切的联系。在古希腊时也和现代的想法基本相 似,即觉得要了解宇宙的构造,就要追问最后的元素是什么

Ever since last Novem ber, I have been wanting to ex press in person my gratit ude to the generas ity of Alfred Nobel, to w hom i ow e it t hat I am privileged be here today, es pecial y since ill ness prevented me from doi ng so at the proper time. the idealism w hic h permeated his char acter led him to make his magnifice nt foundation for the benefit of a cl ass of men with w hose aims and view poi nt his ow n scienti fic instincts and a bility had made him naturally his

早期的量子光学现象,诸如黑体辐射、电效应、康普顿吴有 训散射、喇曼散射、光的强度起伏等等对于人们认识光的量子属 性和光与物质之间相互作用的规律等方面,起过重要作用。 进入20世纪50年代以后,人们对原子自发辐射机制进行了 深入的探索,结果先后发现了两类原子合作发光现象,这就是熟知 的狄克(R.H. Dicke)超辐射和超荧光它们的光强度与发光的原 子数平方成正比,因此引起人们的重视由于共振荧光谱线出现交 流斯塔克(AC STARK)效应以及共振荧光的光子统计性质所表 现出的特点,引起研究共振荧光的兴趣

1885巴尔默 (Johann Jakob Balmer,1825-1898)发现能够描述四种光谱 波长的公式,后来 Angstrom发现这些谱线属于氢原子 1893维恩 Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto fritz franz Wien,1864-1928)在实验 上发现热体最大辐射的波长反比于温度(维恩定律)。维恩在炉子上钻 了一个小孔,模拟理论黑体

Nobel Lecture, June 2, 1920 The genesis and present state of development of the quantum theory If i take it correctly that the duty imposed upon me today is to give a public lecture on my writings, then i believe that this task, the importance of which i am well aware through the gratitude felt towards the noble-minded founder of our Foundation, cannot be more suitably fulfilled than by my trying to give you the story of the origin of the quantum theory in broad outlines and to couple with this, a picture in a small frame of the development of this theory up