各种食品都有其特定的水分含量，因此才能显示出它们各自的色、香、味、形特征。水在食品中起着 分散蛋白质和淀粉等的作用，使它们形成溶胶。水对食品的鲜度、硬度、流动性、呈味性、保藏性和加工 等方面都具有重要的影响。水分是微生物繁殖的重要因素

Cheese is a very varied group of dairy products, produced mainly in Europe, North and South America, Australia and New Zealand and to a lesser extent in North Africa and the Middle East, where it originated during the Agricultural Revolution, 6000-8000 years ago. Cheese production and con- 10A and 10B), is increasing in traditional

一、总的要求: 1.课程编号: 2.本大纲适应的专业:四年制动物医学专业 3.总学时及学分:总学时为100~110学时(视教学周数而定)总学分为7~8个学分(按每16学时为1个学分计) 4.该课的先修课程为动物生物化学、动物生理学、家畜解剖学及组织胚胎学等

维生素的发现 1886年荷兰 Eijkman医生研究在亚洲普遍流行 的脚气病,企图找到引起该病的细菌,但未 成功。1890年,在他的实验鸡群中爆发了多 发性神经炎,症状与脚气病极为相似

糖类与食品的加工和贮藏，关系十分密切，如还原糖能使食品变褐；食品能保持有粘弹性是由于含有淀粉 与果胶等；至于食品中所具有的甜味，大部分也是由于糖类引起的

Like all other foods of plant or animal origin, milk contains several indigenous enzymes which are constituents of the milk as secreted. The principal constituents of milk (lactose, lipids and proteins) can be modified by exogenous enzymes, added to induce specific changes. Exogenous en- zymes may also be used to analyse for certain constituents in milk. In addition, milk and most dairy products

The water content of dairy products ranges from around 2.5 to 94%(w/w) (Table 7.1) and is the principal component by weight in most dairy products, including milk, cream, ice-cream, yogurt and most cheeses. The moisture content of foods (or more correctly their water activity, section 7.3), together with temperature and pH, are of great importance to food technology. As described in section 7.8 water plays an extremely important

Vitamins are organic chemicals required by the body in trace amounts but which cannot be synthesized by the body. The vitamins required for growth and maintenance of health differ between species; compounds regarded as vitamins for one species may be synthesized at adequate rates by other species. For example, only primates and the guinea-pig require ascorbic acid (vitamin C; section 6.4) from their diet; other species possess the enzyme gluconolactone oxidase which is necessary for the synthesis of vitamin C from D-glucose or D-galactose

核酸存在于每一个活细胞中，是遗传信息的携带者和传递者。核酸由核苷酸所组成，核苷酸的组成物质为嘌呤、嘧啶、核酸及核糖(或脱氧核糖)

第一节 基因表达与基因表达调控的基本概念与特点 Basic Conceptions and Characters of Gene Expression and it’s Regulation 第二节 原核基因表达调控 Regulation of Gene Expression in Prokaryote 第三节 真核基因表达调控 Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryote