Nobel lecture december 12, 1933 On passing through an optical instrument, such as a telescope or a camera lens, a ray of light is subjec reflecting surface. The path of the rays can be constructed if we know the two simple laws which govern the changes in direction: the law of refrac- tion which was discovered by Snellius a few hundred years ago, and the law of reflection with which Archimedes was familiar more than 2,000 years ago

1. Floquet-Bloch 定理 粒子在周期性势场中运动时，它的状态介于束缚态与非束缚态之间，而能谱具有能带式的结构。以 一维情况为例，周期性势场指的是：

1、转动惯量为I,电矩为D的平面转子处在均匀电场E中,电场是在转子运动的平面上,用微扰法求转子能量的修正值 2、转子惯量为I,电矩为D的空间转子处在均匀弱电场E中,用微扰法求转子基态能量的二级修正

1、在温度下T=0k附近,钠的价电子能量约为3电子伏特,求其德布罗意波长。 2、求与下列各粒子相关的德布罗意波长。 (1)能量为100电子伏特的自由电子; (2)能量为0.1电子伏特的自由中子;

1．基本的和导出的力学量算符 我们在§1.1 中已经引入了用算符来代表力学量的概念。 算符就是可以作用于波函数把它变成另一个函数的运算。所以，在本质上，算符属于“函数变换” 这一类的数学对象

1．碱金属原子的 Hamiltonian 碱金属原子有一个价电子，它在原子实（原子核加上内层满壳电子）的影响下运动，所受到的势场 可以用一个屏蔽 Coulomb 场 V r( ) 来描写

1．带有自旋的电子在电磁场中的 Hamiltonian 实验证明，在外磁场中，原子的能级会发生分裂，结果是原子的特征谱线也发生分裂，这称为 Zeeman 效应。理论的解释是：电子的磁矩和外磁场产生了附加的相互作用能

That streams of electrons possess the properties of beams of waves was dis- covered early in 1927 in a large industrial laboratory in the midst of a great city, and in a small university laboratory overlooking a cold and desolate sea. The coincidence seems the more striking when one remembers that facil- ities for making this discovery had been in constant use in laboratories throughout the world for more than a quarter of a century. And yet the coincidence was not, in fact, in any way remarkable. Discoveries in physics are made when the time for making them is ripe, and not before; the stage is set, the time is ripe, and the event occurs-more often than not at widely separated places at almost the same moment

When in 1920 I resumed my studies of theoretical physics which had long been interrupted by circumstances beyond my control, I was far from the idea that my studies would bring me several years later to receive such a higl and envied prize as that awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences each year to a scientist: the Nobel Prize for Physics. What at that time drew me towards theoretical physics was not the hope that such a high distinction

§5.6与时间有关的微扰理论 §5.7跃迁几率 §5.8光的发射与吸收 §5.9 选择定则 §5.10 变分法