一、困问题概述 1、贫困的含义:在一定环境条件下,人们在较长时期内难以维持一种生理上所要求的、社会文化可接受的、社会公认的基本生活水准的状态。 2、贫困的类型 A、绝对贫困与相对贫困 B、初级贫困与次级贫困 C、过渡性贫困与持续性贫困 D、公开贫困与隐性贫困 E、制度性贫困、区域性贫困与阶层性贫困

我们现在开始真正接触经济学了,那么什么是“经济”?什么是“经济学”?《现代 汉语词典》中的解释为,经济:指社会物质生产和再生产的活动《辞海》的解释为,经济: 社会生产关系的总和;经济活动,包括物质资料的生产、分配、交换或消费等活动。经济学: 研究物质资料生产过程经济关系和经济活动规律及其应用的科学的总称中国老一代经济学 泰斗陈岱孙先生的定义为:经世济国。现在经济学的定义多达一百多个

• 掌握测量成果改化的原理和不改化的条件； • 掌握地面点之间方位角的测量原理、计算方法； • 理解地面点坐标换带的目的意义和作用等

Main Idea Nominal Rigidity nominal price rigidity nominal wage rigidity Real Rigidity Real price rigidity Real wage rigidity Unemployment, Economic Cycle and Policy Suggestion

Some facts in business-cycle Real-business-cycle theory's explanation to some important economic variables Explanation to the fluctuations of output, consumption investment Explanations to employment fluctuation Explanations to monetary fluctuation Evaluation to Real-business-cycle theory

Content A simple closed model The static solution of simple model Basic concepts of disequilibrium theory

Topics to be Discussed Basic principles of building macroeconomic model Micro basis of macroeconomics &Choices of households Choices of firms Introduction to labor market

9.1 Decision of investment 9.2 Investment function 9.3 Inventory investment& Investment in residential structures

7.1 Fiscal policies and effects 7.2 Monetary policies and effects 7.3 Policy mix 7.4 Economic fluctuation and eliminating the fluctuations with economic policies 7.5 Macroeconomic policy practice

2.2 three approaches to measure GDP 2.3 Ni pi DPl 2.4 MPS VS SNA 2.5 saving and wealth, stock and flow