Primary Readings: DL-Chapter 4; JR-Chapter 3; Varian-Chapter 7 In most economic models, we start with an agent's utility function. The utility function basically maps from bundles that the agent might choose, to the real line. The utility function is quite convenient: it can be maximized and manipulated using mathematical tools. But the question is are we imposing some hidden or desirable assumptions when we take this approach ?prefeent's

1. To say that someone needs a good is to suggest that he cannot choose to do without the good or buy a substitute for it. We are more likely to be mindful of the fact that almost all goods have substitutes if we speak of wants rather than needs 2. Even though we cannot actually

An individual has a comparative advantage in the production of a particular good if she can produce it at a lower opportunity cost than other individuals. An individual has an absolute advantage in the production of a good if she can produce more of that good than another individual. using comparable amounts of time. raw materials and effort

Introduction Although the world is large, man is able to live in only a small part of it. The atmosphere is only about eleven kilometers thick. The soil that supplies us with food is only about fifteen centimeters thick and man can live on only about one eighth of the world's surface. In the past two hundred years man has greatly changed his environment. Water has been given to deserts. Roads have been built across deserts and through forests

lecular association similar to an enzyme-substrate interaction, with an important distinction: it does not lead to an irreversible chemical alteration in either the antibody or the antigen. The association between an anti Fluorescent Antibody Staining Reveals Intracellular body and an antigen involves various noncovalent interac- tions between the antigenic determinant, or epitope, of the ntigen and the variable-region(vH/Vi) domain of the an- a Strength of Antigen-Antibody Interactions tibody molecule, particularly the hypervariable regions

1.Itis+被强调部分+that 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面,其它 部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表 语或状语。强调的主语如果是人,that可以由who换用 如果把这种句型结构划掉后,应该是一个完整无缺的 句子。这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法

General considerations Definition In placenta previa, the placenta is implanted in the lower uterine segment and located over the internal os. It constitutes an obstruction of descent of the presenting part. Main cause of obstetrical hemorrhage Incidence 0.24%-1.57% (our country)

1.1 Contents of Theory of Elasticity 1.1弹性力学的内容 ·NAME Theory of elasticity is often called elasticity for short. It is the branch of solid mechanics. 弹性力学的理论简称为弹性理论或弹性力学. 它是固体力学的一个分枝

Utilitarianism Last time we considered three questions one might ask an ethical theory to answer i)Which acts are right and which are wrong? Which acts ought we to perform(understanding the\ought as a moral ii)What makes a particular action right or wrong? What is it about the action that determines its moral status? 111) How do we know what is right and wrong? There are a variety of strategies for answering(iii). One might hold e. g. that moral truths are revealed by god and

al Identity ll Problem of synchronic identity for persons: under what conditions are two simultaneous person-events events in the life of the same person? Problem of diachronic identity for persons under what conditions are two person-stages stages in the life of a single person. In particular, what makes a particular person-stage a continuation of me as I am right now? Background desiderata: an account of personal identity should allow for the possibility of anticipation and memory, i.e., of individual psychological connections between different person stages. It should also allow us to justify our practices of