1885巴尔默 (Johann Jakob Balmer,1825-1898)发现能够描述四种光谱 波长的公式,后来 Angstrom发现这些谱线属于氢原子 1893维恩 Wilhelm Carl Werner Otto fritz franz Wien,1864-1928)在实验 上发现热体最大辐射的波长反比于温度(维恩定律)。维恩在炉子上钻 了一个小孔,模拟理论黑体

Ever since last Novem ber, I have been wanting to ex press in person my gratit ude to the generas ity of Alfred Nobel, to w hom i ow e it t hat I am privileged be here today, es pecial y since ill ness prevented me from doi ng so at the proper time. the idealism w hic h permeated his char acter led him to make his magnifice nt foundation for the benefit of a cl ass of men with w hose aims and view poi nt his ow n scienti fic instincts and a bility had made him naturally his

早期的量子光学现象,诸如黑体辐射、电效应、康普顿吴有 训散射、喇曼散射、光的强度起伏等等对于人们认识光的量子属 性和光与物质之间相互作用的规律等方面,起过重要作用。 进入20世纪50年代以后,人们对原子自发辐射机制进行了 深入的探索,结果先后发现了两类原子合作发光现象,这就是熟知 的狄克(R.H. Dicke)超辐射和超荧光它们的光强度与发光的原 子数平方成正比,因此引起人们的重视由于共振荧光谱线出现交 流斯塔克(AC STARK)效应以及共振荧光的光子统计性质所表 现出的特点,引起研究共振荧光的兴趣

5.1 非简并定态微扰理论 Non degenerate perturbation theory of stationery state 5.2 简并情况下的微扰理论 Degenerate perturbation theory 5.3 氢原子的一级斯塔克效应 First order Stark effect of hydrogen atom 5.4 变分法 Variational Method 5.5 氦原子基态 Ground State to Helium Atom 5.6 与时间有关的微扰理论 Perturbation theory with time 5.7 跃迁几率 Transition Probability 5.8 光的发射和吸收 Light emission and absorption 5.9 选择定则 Selection rule

§ 7.1 电子自旋 Electron spin § 7.2 电子自旋算符与自旋波函数 Electron spin operator and spin wave function *§ 7.3 简单塞曼效应 Simple Zeeman effect § 7.4 两个角动量的耦合 Coupling of two angular momentum § 7.5 光谱的精细结构 Fine structure of the spectrum § 7.6 全同粒子的性质 The characterization of similar particles § 7.7 全同粒子系统的波函数 泡利原理 The wave function of similar particle system Pauli principle § 7.8 两个电子的波函数 The spin wave function of two electrons § 7.9 氦原子(微扰法) *§ 7.10 氢分子(海特勒-伦敦法) 化学键

2.1 波函数的统计解释 The Wave function and its statistic explanation 2.2 态叠加原理 The principle of superposition 2.3 薛定谔方程 The Schrödinger equation 2.4 粒子流密度和粒子数守恒定律 The current density of particles and conservation laws 2.5 定态薛定谔方程 Time independent Schrödinger equation 2.6 一维无限深势阱 The infinite potential well 2.7 线性谐振子 The linear harmonic oscillator 2.8 势垒贯穿 The transmission of potential barrier

Nobel Lecture december 13. 1946 The history of the discovery of the exclusion principle m, for which I have received the honor of the Nobel Prize award in the year 1945, goes back to my students days in Munich. While, in school in Vienna, I had already ob- tained some knowledge of classical physics and the then new Einstein rel- ativity theory, it was at the University of Munich that I was introduced by Sommerfeld to the structure of the atom- somewhat strange from the point of view of classical physics. I was not spared the which every

整个科学的发展与全人类的文化是分不开的,在西方是这样,在中国也是如此。可是科 学的发展在西方与中国并不完全一样。在西方,尤其是如果把希腊文化也算作西方文化的话, 可以说,近代西方科学的发展和古希腊有更密切的联系。在古希腊时也和现代的想法基本相 似,即觉得要了解宇宙的构造,就要追问最后的元素是什么

1、转动惯量为I,电矩为D的平面转子处在均匀电场E中,电场是在转子运动的平面上,用微扰法求转子能量的修正值 2、转子惯量为I,电矩为D的空间转子处在均匀弱电场E中,用微扰法求转子基态能量的二级修正

1、在温度下T=0k附近,钠的价电子能量约为3电子伏特,求其德布罗意波长。 2、求与下列各粒子相关的德布罗意波长。 (1)能量为100电子伏特的自由电子; (2)能量为0.1电子伏特的自由中子;