1．碱金属原子的 Hamiltonian 碱金属原子有一个价电子，它在原子实（原子核加上内层满壳电子）的影响下运动，所受到的势场 可以用一个屏蔽 Coulomb 场 V r( ) 来描写

1．带有自旋的电子在电磁场中的 Hamiltonian 实验证明，在外磁场中，原子的能级会发生分裂，结果是原子的特征谱线也发生分裂，这称为 Zeeman 效应。理论的解释是：电子的磁矩和外磁场产生了附加的相互作用能

When in 1920 I resumed my studies of theoretical physics which had long been interrupted by circumstances beyond my control, I was far from the idea that my studies would bring me several years later to receive such a higl and envied prize as that awarded by the Swedish Academy of Sciences each year to a scientist: the Nobel Prize for Physics. What at that time drew me towards theoretical physics was not the hope that such a high distinction

That streams of electrons possess the properties of beams of waves was dis- covered early in 1927 in a large industrial laboratory in the midst of a great city, and in a small university laboratory overlooking a cold and desolate sea. The coincidence seems the more striking when one remembers that facil- ities for making this discovery had been in constant use in laboratories throughout the world for more than a quarter of a century. And yet the coincidence was not, in fact, in any way remarkable. Discoveries in physics are made when the time for making them is ripe, and not before; the stage is set, the time is ripe, and the event occurs-more often than not at widely separated places at almost the same moment

The events leading to the discovery of tunnelling supercurrents took place while I was working as a research student at the Royal Society Mond Labo- ratory, Cambridge, under the supervision of Professor Brian Pippard. During my second year as a research student, in 1961-2, we were fortunate to have as a visitor to the laboratory Professor Phil Anderson, who has made numerous

Nobel Lecture, June 2, 1920 The genesis and present state of development of the quantum theory If i take it correctly that the duty imposed upon me today is to give a public lecture on my writings, then i believe that this task, the importance of which i am well aware through the gratitude felt towards the noble-minded founder of our Foundation, cannot be more suitably fulfilled than by my trying to give you the story of the origin of the quantum theory in broad outlines and to couple with this, a picture in a small frame of the development of this theory up

§5.6与时间有关的微扰理论 §5.7跃迁几率 §5.8光的发射与吸收 §5.9 选择定则 §5.10 变分法

物理常数:光速:c=2.998×108ms-1:普朗克常数:h=6626×103J·s;玻尔兹曼 常数:k2=1.381×10-23J/K:电子质量:m2=9.109×10-kg:碳原子质量 m=12u=2007×10-°kg;电子电荷:e=1.602×10C 1)物质波(30分):1924年,德布洛意提出物质波概念,认为任何实物粒子,如电子 质子等,也具有波动性,对于具有一定动量p的自由粒子,满足德布洛意关系

第一节 结构化学是什么？ 第二节 关于物质结构的一些经验和唯象概念 第三节 能量、经典物理回顾及量子化 第四节 波

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