Introduction Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or both

病因(Etiologe) Primery Glomerular Diseases (60%) Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis Diabetic Glomerulosclerosis *Tubulointerstitial Diseases chronic pyelonephritis chronic interstitialnephritis Polycystic Kidney Disease SLE

Effects of glucocorticoid Effects on metabolism Effects on immunologic function and inflammatory Effects on musculoskeletal and connective tissues Effects on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis Neuropsychiatric and behavioral effects Gastrointestinal effects Developmental effects

一、上尿路感染(肾盂肾炎) 二、下尿路感染(膀胱炎)

DEFINITIONS AND INCIDENCE Acute renal failure (ARF) is a syndrome characterized by rapid decline in glomerular filtration rate(GFR) and retention of nitrogenous waste products such as blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine

一 、概述: Summary 十二指肠溃疡 Duodenal ulcer,Du 胃溃疡 Gastric ulcer, Gu

1.RA的基本病理改变是什么? 2.RA慢性期有何病理改变?此期关节炎有何表现?

支气管哮喘 一个全球性的严重健康问题 全球哮喘患病率差异大:普遍规律:

诊断标准 ①尿蛋白>359/d ②2血浆白蛋白低于30g/ ③水 ④血脂升高 其中①②为必备条件

第一节、概述 1、定义:心脏电活动失出正常的规律性