CONTENT Definition Etiology and clinical appearance Accompanied symptoms Approach to the patient

Concept A protective reflex that can be controlledconsciously Remove excessive secretion & foreignmaterial from the airway Initiated by miscellaneous stimuli or byvoluntary exertion. The most common respiratory symptom

Definition Clinically apparent increase in the interstitial (间质) fluid volume Weight gain precedes overt edema Weight loss in edematous patients before “dry weight Massive edema is called Anasarca

the present era of technological advances, particularly in the various imaging modalities, there is a growing conception among practicing physicians in cardiovascular medicine that bedside physical examination is unnecessary and does not provide useful information

吉林大学：《实验诊断学》课程教学资源（教案讲义）酸碱平衡测定与血气分析

中国医科大学：《诊断学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）病历书写与教学查房

中国医科大学：《诊断学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）泌尿系统疾病症状学

In the present era of technological advances, particularly in the various imaging modalities, there is a growing conception among practicing physicians in cardiovascular medicine that bedside physical examination is unnecessary and does not provide useful information

中国医科大学：《诊断学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）心电图

中国医科大学：《诊断学》课程教学课件（PPT讲稿）循环系统症状学