3.5方阵的行列式 定义5.1设A=(an)是一个n阶矩阵,则A自然地 确定了一个阶行列式det(an)这个行列式称为 A的行列式,记作|A|或detA

9-3实系数多项式根的分布 9.3.1复系数多项式的根的绝对值的上界 命题设f(x)=axn+a1xn+…+an∈C[x],其中a≠0而n≥1。令 a=max{ 则对f(x)的任一复根a,有|ak1+A/a 证明如果A=0,则a=0,命题成立。下面设A>0 如果|a1+A/a,那么,因为f(a)=0,故有 la Haa++aa a+…+an ≤A(ar-++1)=a(la--1)/(a-1) 现在|a>1,故从上式立刻得到 la a\ Ala\ /(al-1) 两边消去|a,得|ak1+A/a|,矛盾

9.2.2Qx]内多项式的因式分解 定义9.12定义Z[x]={axn+a1x+…+∈Z,i=01n}。 假设f(x)∈Z[x],f(x)≠0及±1。如果g(x)h(x)∈[x],使得f(x)=g(x)h(x), 且g(x)≠±1,h(x)≠±1,则称f(x)在Z[x]内可约,否则称f(x)在Z[x]内不可约 定义9.13设 f(x)=ax+axn+…+an∈Z[x], 这里n≥1。如果(aa1an)=1,则称f(x)是一个本原多项式。 命题Q[x]内一个非零多项式f(x)可以表成一个有理数k和一个本原多项式f(x)的

9.1.7用形式微商判断多项式是否有重因式 定义9.10设f(x)=ax+a1x+…+an-1x+an∈K[x],定义 f\(x)=na\+(n-1)\-+..+[], 称f(x)为f(x)的一阶形式微商。 设f(x)的k-1阶形式微商已定义,记作f((x)则定义它的k阶形式微商fx)为 f(x)的一阶形式微商:f((x)=(f((x)另外我们约定f(x)=f(x) 命题设f(x)∈K[x],如果K[x]内的不可约多项式p(x)是f(x)的k重因式,则 p(x)是f(x)的k-1重因式

第三章3-2n阶方阵的行列式(续) 3.2.5行列式的按任意列展开和特殊矩阵的行列式 1、行列式的按任意行(列)展开 定义命A=(-1)M,称为a的代数余子式 = 命题按行列式的第i行展开,有 证明将第i行先后与第i-1,i-2,…,1行交换,再展开。 推论行列式按第j行展开,有a=a 2、范德蒙行列式 形如 111 |= a1a2…an an 的行列式称为范德蒙行列式

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