Chapter three Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) Chronic bronchitis Obstructive Pulmonary Emphysema
Chapter three • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) • Chronic Bronchitis • Obstructive Pulmonary Emphysema
Definition of copd Including chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema Chronic airflow limitation progressing slowly Partial reversibility Abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases
Definition of COPD • Including chronic bronchitis and pulmonary emphysema • Chronic airflow limitation • progressing slowly • Partial reversibility • Abnormal inflammatory response of the lungs to noxious particles or gases
Classification of CoPd by severity Stage o(at risk) Chronic cough and sputum production Contact with harmful factors FEVI/FVC>70% Stage l( mild) FEV1/FVC <70% FEV] c 80 predicted uSually, but not always, chronic cough and
Classification of COPD by Severity • Stage 0 ( at risk) – Chronic cough and sputum production – Contact with harmful factors – FEV1/FVC > 70% • Stage I( mild) – FEV1/FVC < 70% – FEV1 80 % predicted – usually, but not always, chronic cough and sputum production
Classification of Copd by severit Stage l( moderate) lA:FEⅥ/FVC<70% 50%8 FEV1<80% predicted lg:FEⅥ/FVC<70% 30%8 FEV1 50% predicted With or without symptom
Classification of COPD by Severity • Stage II( moderate) – IIA : FEV1/FVC < 70% 50% FEV1 < 80% predicted – IIB : FEV1/FVC < 70% 30% FEV1 < 50% predicted With or without symptom
Classification of Copd by severit Stage l( Severe FEVI/FVC<70% FEV1% predicted or with respiratory failure or cardiac failure
Classification of COPD by Severity • Stage III( Severe) – FEV1/FVC < 70% – FEV1 30 % predicted or with respiratory failure or cardiac failure
Chronic bronchitis ( Definition Chronic nonspecific inflammation in mucosa and its peripheral tissues of trachia and bronchus
一 .Chronic bronchitis • (一) Definition Chronic nonspecific inflammation in mucosa and its peripheral tissues of trachia and bronchus
(二) Etiology 1. Smoking Epidemical information Pathological examination Effects of giving up smoking Animal experiment
（二）Etiology • 1.Smoking – Epidemical information – Pathological examination – Effects of giving up smoking – Animal experiment
(二) Etiology 2. airway infection Virus Bacteria Mycoplasma
（二）Etiology • 2.Airway infection – Virus – Bacteria – Mychoplasma
(二) Etiology 3. physical and chemical factors Air pollution Occupational contamination Indoor and outdoor fumes 4. Climate Cold weather Variation of atmospheric temperature
（二）Etiology • 3.physical and chemical factors – Air pollution – Occupational contamination – Indoor and outdoor fumes • 4.Climate – Cold weather – Variation of atmospheric temperature
(二) Etiology 5. Atopy 6. Immunological and defensive disturbance 7.Imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves systems 8. Deficiency of Vit c and a
（二）Etiology • 5.Atopy • 6.Immunological and defensive disturbance • 7.Imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves systems • 8.Deficiency of Vit C and A