PUB. 147SAILING DIRECTIONS(ENROUTE)★CARIBBEANSEAVOLUME 1★Prepared and publishedbytheNATIONALGEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCEAGENCYBethesda,MarylandCOPYRIGHT2O09BYTHEUNITEDSTATESGOVERNMENTNOCOPYRIGHTCLAIMEDUNDERTITLE17U.S.C2009TATESOFELEVENTH EDITION
PUB. (ENROUTE) SAILING DIRECTIONS ★ ★ 2009 147 CARIBBEAN SEA VOLUME 1 Prepared and published by the NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY Bethesda, Maryland © COPYRIGHT 2009 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C. ELEVENTH EDITION For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: http://bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800 Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001
PrefacePub.147,Sailing Directions(Enroute)Caribbean SeaVol-Digital Update(PDU)from theNGAMaritimeDomain web-ume 1,Eleventh Edition,2009,is issuedfor use in conjunctionsite.withPub.140,SailingDirections (Planning Guide)NorthAt-NGAMaritimeDomain Websitelantic Ocean,Baltic Sea,NorthSea,andtheMediterraneanSea.Companion volumes arePubs.141,142,143,145,146,http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/maritimeand 148.Digital Nautical Charts 14,15,and 16provide electronicCourses.Courses are true.and are expressed in the samechart coverage for the area covered by this publication.manner as bearings.The directives"steer"and"make good"aThispublication has been corrected to20 June 2009, includ-course mean, without exception, to proceed from a point ofing Notice to Mariners No.25of 2009.origin along a track having the identical meridianal angle as thedesignated course.Vessels following the directives must allowExplanatory Remarksfor every influence tending to cause deviation from such trackand navigate so that the designated course is continuouslySailingDirections are published by the National Geospatial-being made good.IntelligenceAgency(NGA),undertheauthorityofDepartmentCurrents.Current directions are the true directions towardofDefenseDirective5105.40,dated12December1988,andwhich currents set.pursuant to the authority contained in U. S. Code Title 10.Dangers.As a rule outer dangers are fully described, butSections2791and2792andTitle44,Section1336.Sailinginner dangers which are well-charted are, for the most part,Directions,covering theharbors,coasts,and waters of theomitted.Numerous offshore dangers,grouped together,areworld,provide information that cannot be shown graphicallymentioned only in general terms.Dangers adjacent to a coastalon nautical charts and is not readily available elsewhere.passage or fairway are described.Sailing Directions (Enroute) include detailed coastal andDistances.Distances areexpressed in nautical miles of1port approach information which supplements thelargest scaleminuteoflatitude.Distancesoflessthan1mileareexpressedchart producedby theNationalGeospatial-Intelligencein meters, or tenths of miles.Agency. This publication is divided into geographic areasGeographicNames.Geographicnamesaregenerallycalled"Sectors.those used by the nation having sovereignty.Names in paren-Bearings.Bearings are true, and are expressed in degreestheses following another name are alternate names that mayfrom 000o (north)to 360°measured clockwise.Generalappear on some charts.Ingeneral, alternatenames arequotedbearings are expressed by initial letters of points of the com-only in the principal description of the place.Diacritical marks,pass (e.g.N, NNE, NE, etc.). Adjective and adverb endingssuchasaccents,cedillas,andcircumflexes,whicharerelatedtohave been discarded.Wherever precise bearings are intendedspecific letters in certain foreign languages, are not used in thedegrees are usedinterest of typographical simplicity.Geographic names or theirCharts.-Referencetochartsmadethroughoutthispubli-spellings do not necessarily reflect recognition of the politicalcation refer to both the paper chart and the Digital Nauticalstatus of an area bythe United StatesGovernment.Chart (DNC)Heights.Heights are referred to the plane of referenceCoastal Features.It is assumed that the majority of shipsused for that purpose on the charts and are expressed in meters.have radar.Available coastal descriptions and views,useful forIndex-Gazetteer.-Navigationalfeatures and place-namesradar and visual piloting are included in geographic sequenceare listed alphabetically in theback of the book.The approxi-in each Sector.mate position, along with the Sector and paragraph numbersCorrectiveInformation.Users should refercorrections,(e.g. 1.1), facilitate location in the text.additions, and commentstoNGA's MaritimeOperations Desk,InternetLinks.This publication provides internet links toasfollows:web sites concerned with maritime navigational safety,includ-Toll free:1-800-362-62891ing but not limited to, Federal government sites, foreign Hy-2.301-227-3147Commercial:drographic Offices,and foreign public/private portfacilities3.DSN:287-3147NGAmakesnoclaims,promises,orguaranteesconcerningthe4.DNCweb site:http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/dncaccuracy,completeness,oradequacyofthecontentsoftheweb5.Maritime Do-sites and expressly disclaims any liability for errors and omishttp://www.nga.mil/portal/site/marimain web site:sions of these web sites.timeLight and Fog Signals.Lights and fog signals are not de-6.E-mail:navsafety@nga.milscribed, and light sectors are not usually defined. The Light7.Mailing address: Maritime DomainLists shouldbeconsulted forcompleteinformation.National Geospatial-IntelligencePorts.Directions for entering ports are depicted whereAgencyappropriatebymeans ofchartlets,sketches,andphotos,whichMail Stop D-44facilitate positiveidentification of landmarks and navigational4600SangamoreRoadaids. These chartlets and sketches are not always to scale, how-BethesdaMD20816-5003ever, and should be used only as a general informational guideNew editions of SailingDirections are corrected through thein conjunction with the best scale chart.Specific port facilitiesdate of the publication shown above.Important information toare omitted from the standard format. They are tabulated inamend material in the publication is available as a PublicationPub.150.WorldPortIndex.Pub.147II
Pub. 147 III Preface 0.0 Pub. 147, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Caribbean Sea Volume 1, Eleventh Edition, 2009, is issued for use in conjunction with Pub. 140, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) North Atlantic Ocean, Baltic Sea, North Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea. Companion volumes are Pubs. 141, 142, 143, 145, 146, and 148. 0.0 Digital Nautical Charts 14, 15, and 16 provide electronic chart coverage for the area covered by this publication. 0.0 This publication has been corrected to 20 June 2009, including Notice to Mariners No. 25 of 2009. Explanatory Remarks 0.0 Sailing Directions are published by the National GeospatialIntelligence Agency (NGA), under the authority of Department of Defense Directive 5105.40, dated 12 December 1988, and pursuant to the authority contained in U. S. Code Title 10, Sections 2791 and 2792 and Title 44, Section 1336. Sailing Directions, covering the harbors, coasts, and waters of the world, provide information that cannot be shown graphically on nautical charts and is not readily available elsewhere. 0.0 Sailing Directions (Enroute) include detailed coastal and port approach information which supplements the largest scale chart produced by the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency. This publication is divided into geographic areas called “Sectors.” 0.0 Bearings.—Bearings are true, and are expressed in degrees from 000° (north) to 360°, measured clockwise. General bearings are expressed by initial letters of points of the compass (e.g. N, NNE, NE, etc.). Adjective and adverb endings have been discarded. Wherever precise bearings are intended degrees are used. 0.0 Charts.—Reference to charts made throughout this publication refer to both the paper chart and the Digital Nautical Chart (DNC). 0.0 Coastal Features.—It is assumed that the majority of ships have radar. Available coastal descriptions and views, useful for radar and visual piloting are included in geographic sequence in each Sector. 0.0 Corrective Information.—Users should refer corrections, additions, and comments to NGA’s Maritime Operations Desk, as follows: 0.0 1. Toll free: 1-800-362-6289 0.0 2. Commercial: 301-227-3147 0.0 3. DSN: 287-3147 0.0 4. DNC web site: http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/dnc 0.0 5. Maritime Do- 0.0 main web site: http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/mari 0.0 time 0.0 6. E-mail: navsafety@nga.mil 0.0 7. Mailing address: Maritime Domain 0.0 National Geospatial-Intelligence 0.0 Agency Mail Stop D-44 0.0 4600 Sangamore Road 0.0 Bethesda MD 20816-5003 0.0 New editions of Sailing Directions are corrected through the date of the publication shown above. Important information to amend material in the publication is available as a Publication Digital Update (PDU) from the NGA Maritime Domain website. 0.0NGA Maritime Domain Website http://www.nga.mil/portal/site/maritime 0.0 0.0 Courses.—Courses are true, and are expressed in the same manner as bearings. The directives “steer” and “make good” a course mean, without exception, to proceed from a point of origin along a track having the identical meridianal angle as the designated course. Vessels following the directives must allow for every influence tending to cause deviation from such track, and navigate so that the designated course is continuously being made good. 0.0 Currents.—Current directions are the true directions toward which currents set. 0.0 Dangers.—As a rule outer dangers are fully described, but inner dangers which are well-charted are, for the most part, omitted. Numerous offshore dangers, grouped together, are mentioned only in general terms. Dangers adjacent to a coastal passage or fairway are described. 0.0 Distances.—Distances are expressed in nautical miles of 1 minute of latitude. Distances of less than 1 mile are expressed in meters, or tenths of miles. 0.0 Geographic Names.—Geographic names are generally those used by the nation having sovereignty. Names in parentheses following another name are alternate names that may appear on some charts. In general, alternate names are quoted only in the principal description of the place. Diacritical marks, such as accents, cedillas, and circumflexes, which are related to specific letters in certain foreign languages, are not used in the interest of typographical simplicity. Geographic names or their spellings do not necessarily reflect recognition of the political status of an area by the United States Government. 0.0 Heights.—Heights are referred to the plane of reference used for that purpose on the charts and are expressed in meters. 0.0 Index-Gazetteer.—Navigational features and place-names are listed alphabetically in the back of the book. The approximate position, along with the Sector and paragraph numbers (e.g. 1.1), facilitate location in the text. 0.0 Internet Links.—This publication provides internet links to web sites concerned with maritime navigational safety, including but not limited to, Federal government sites, foreign Hydrographic Offices, and foreign public/private port facilities. NGA makes no claims, promises, or guarantees concerning the accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the contents of the web sites and expressly disclaims any liability for errors and omissions of these web sites. 0.0 Light and Fog Signals.—Lights and fog signals are not described, and light sectors are not usually defined. The Light Lists should be consulted for complete information. 0.0 Ports.—Directions for entering ports are depicted where appropriate by means of chartlets, sketches, and photos, which facilitate positive identification of landmarks and navigational aids. These chartlets and sketches are not always to scale, however, and should be used only as a general informational guide in conjunction with the best scale chart. Specific port facilities are omitted from the standard format. They are tabulated in Pub. 150, World Port Index
Radio Navigational Aids.Radio navigational aids are notWind Directions.Wind directions are the true directionsdescribed in detail. Publication No. 117 Radio Navigationalfrom which winds blow.Aids and NOAA Publication, Selected Worldwide MarineBroadcasts, should be consulted.Reference ListSoundings.Soundings are referred to the datum of theThe principal sources examined in the preparation of thischarts and areexpressed in meters.Special Warnings.A Special Warning may be in force forpublicationwere:British Hydrographic Department Sailing Directions.the geographic area covered by this publication. SpecialWarnings are printed in the weekly Notice to Mariners uponVarious port handbooks.promulgation and are reprinted annually in Notice to MarinersReports from United Statesnaval andmerchant vessels andNo.1.A listing of Special Warnings currently in force isvarious shipping companies.printed in each weekly Notice to Mariners, Section IIl, Broad-OtherU.S.Government publications, reports, and docu-cast Warnings, along with the notice number of promulgation.ments.Charts, light lists, tide and current tables, and other docu-Special Warnings are also available on the Maritime Divisionwebsitements in possession of the Agency.IVPub.147
IV Pub. 147 0.0 Radio Navigational Aids.—Radio navigational aids are not described in detail. Publication No. 117 Radio Navigational Aids and NOAA Publication, Selected Worldwide Marine Broadcasts, should be consulted. 0.0 Soundings.—Soundings are referred to the datum of the charts and are expressed in meters. 0.0 Special Warnings.—A Special Warning may be in force for the geographic area covered by this publication. Special Warnings are printed in the weekly Notice to Mariners upon promulgation and are reprinted annually in Notice to Mariners No. 1. A listing of Special Warnings currently in force is printed in each weekly Notice to Mariners, Section III, Broadcast Warnings, along with the notice number of promulgation. Special Warnings are also available on the Maritime Division website. 0.0 Wind Directions.—Wind directions are the true directions from which winds blow. Reference List 0.0 The principal sources examined in the preparation of this publication were: 0.0 British Hydrographic Department Sailing Directions. 0.0 Various port handbooks. 0.0 Reports from United States naval and merchant vessels and various shipping companies. 0.0 Other U.S. Government publications, reports, and documents. 0.0 Charts, light lists, tide and current tables, and other documents in possession of the Agency
ContentsPreface.IIIVIIChartletSectorLimitVIIIConversion TablesXIAbbreviationsSector 1BermudaSector 2TheBahamas-WesternParSector3The Bahamas-EasternPart21Sector 432Cuba-North CoastSector559CubaSouth CoastSector 6Jamaica andtheCaymanIslands75Sector 7HispaniolaHaiti and the Dominican Republic93Sector8115The British Virgin Islands and the Leeward IslandsSector9147TheWindward IslandsandBarbadosGlossaries169Pub.147
Pub. 147 V Contents Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . III Chartlet—Sector Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII Conversion Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VIII Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XI Sector 1 Bermuda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Sector 2 The Bahamas—Western Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Sector 3 The Bahamas—Eastern Part . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Sector 4 Cuba—North Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 Sector 5 Cuba—South Coast . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Sector 6 Jamaica and the Cayman Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Sector 7 Hispaniola—Haiti and the Dominican Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Sector 8 The British Virgin Islands and the Leeward Islands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Sector 9 The Windward Islands and Barbados . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Glossaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169
Pub. 147as65BO"75*70"60*BERMUOA230aeBANDGULFBAHMNORTHOFOMEXCOPACIFICABAHAMAS25OCEANSTRAITSOFFLORIDA3HARA4DaCUHAOTRNADAOKOUANAUO71ETOSJIISPANIOLSORICO2aLe20L(SEEPUB148)UINTEDSTATES8OCOASTPILOTSS0001512HONDURASCARIBBEANSEA09SEEPUB148185-BOATo7565*60SECTORLIMITS-PUB.147目
Pub. 147 VII 0.0SECTOR LIMITS—PUB. 147
Conversion TablesFeet to MetersFeet023456789101.221.522.132.442.740.000.300.610.911.833.35103.053.663.964.274.574.885.185.495.79206.106.406.717.017.327.627.928.238.538.84309.149.459.7510.0610.3610.6710.9711.2811.5811.894012.1912.5012.8013.1113.4114.0214.3314.6313.7214.935015.2416.1517.0717.3715.5415.8516.4616.7617.6817.986018.2918.5918.9019.2019.5119.8120.1220.4220.7321.037021.3422.2522.5523.4721.6421.9522.8623.1623.7724.088024.3825.3025.6026.5224.6924.9925.9126.2126.8227.139027.4327.7428.0428.3528.6528.9629.2629.5729.8730.17Fathoms to Meters02345009Fathoms16700.001.833.665.497.329.1410.9712.8016.4614.631031.0918.2920.1221.9523.7725.6027.4329.2632.9234.752036.5838.4040.2342.0643.8947.5549.3851.2153.0345.723054.8656.6958.5260.3562.1865.8469.4971.3264.0167.674073.1574.9876.8178.6480.4782.3084.1285.9587.7889.615091.4493.2795.1096.9398.75100.58102.41104.24106.07107.9060109.73111.56113.39115.21117.04118.87120.70122.53124.36126.1970128.02129.85131.67133.50135.33137.16138.99140.82142.65144.4780146.30148.13149.96151.79153.62155.45157.28159.11160.93162.7690164.59166.42168.25170.08171.91173.74175.56177.39179.22181.05Meters to Feet024589Meters136700.003.286.569.8413.1216.4019.6822.9726.2529.531032.8136.0939.3742.6545.9349.2152.4955.7759.0662.342065.6268.9072.1875.4678.7482.0285.3088.5891.8695.143098.42101.71104.99108.27111.55114.83118.11121.39124.67127.9540131.23134.51150.92154.20157.48137.80141.08144.36147.64160.7650164.04170.60177.16180.45187.01190.29167.32173.88183.73193.5760213.25196.85200.13203.41206.69209.97216.54219.82223.10226.3870229.66232.94236.22239.50242.78246.06249.34252.62255.90259.1980262.47265.75269.03272.31275.59278.87282.15285.43288.71291.9990295.28298.56301.84318.24321.52324.80305.12308.40311.68314.96MeterstoFathoms34502789Meters1602.734.370.000.551.091.642.193.283.834.92105.476.016.567.117.668.208.759.309.8410.392010.9411.4812.0312.5813.1213.6714.2214.7615.3115.863016.4016.9517.5018.0418.5919.1419.6820.2320.7821.334021.8722.4222.9723.5124.0625.1525.7026.2524.6126.795027.3427.8928.4328.9829.5330.0730.6231.1731.7132.266032.8133.3633.9034.4535.0035.5436.0936.6437.1837.737038.2838.8239.3739.9240.4641.0141.5642.1042.6543.208043.7444.2944.8445.3845.9346.4847.0347.5748.1248.679049.2149.7650.3150.8551.9552.4953.0453.5954.1351.40VIIIPub.147
VIII Pub. 147 Conversion Tables Feet to Meters Feet 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0.00 0.30 0.61 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.83 2.13 2.44 2.74 10 3.05 3.35 3.66 3.96 4.27 4.57 4.88 5.18 5.49 5.79 20 6.10 6.40 6.71 7.01 7.32 7.62 7.92 8.23 8.53 8.84 30 9.14 9.45 9.75 10.06 10.36 10.67 10.97 11.28 11.58 11.89 40 12.19 12.50 12.80 13.11 13.41 13.72 14.02 14.33 14.63 14.93 50 15.24 15.54 15.85 16.15 16.46 16.76 17.07 17.37 17.68 17.98 60 18.29 18.59 18.90 19.20 19.51 19.81 20.12 20.42 20.73 21.03 70 21.34 21.64 21.95 22.25 22.55 22.86 23.16 23.47 23.77 24.08 80 24.38 24.69 24.99 25.30 25.60 25.91 26.21 26.52 26.82 27.13 90 27.43 27.74 28.04 28.35 28.65 28.96 29.26 29.57 29.87 30.17 Fathoms to Meters Fathoms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0.00 1.83 3.66 5.49 7.32 9.14 10.97 12.80 14.63 16.46 10 18.29 20.12 21.95 23.77 25.60 27.43 29.26 31.09 32.92 34.75 20 36.58 38.40 40.23 42.06 43.89 45.72 47.55 49.38 51.21 53.03 30 54.86 56.69 58.52 60.35 62.18 64.01 65.84 67.67 69.49 71.32 40 73.15 74.98 76.81 78.64 80.47 82.30 84.12 85.95 87.78 89.61 50 91.44 93.27 95.10 96.93 98.75 100.58 102.41 104.24 106.07 107.90 60 109.73 111.56 113.39 115.21 117.04 118.87 120.70 122.53 124.36 126.19 70 128.02 129.85 131.67 133.50 135.33 137.16 138.99 140.82 142.65 144.47 80 146.30 148.13 149.96 151.79 153.62 155.45 157.28 159.11 160.93 162.76 90 164.59 166.42 168.25 170.08 171.91 173.74 175.56 177.39 179.22 181.05 Meters to Feet Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0.00 3.28 6.56 9.84 13.12 16.40 19.68 22.97 26.25 29.53 10 32.81 36.09 39.37 42.65 45.93 49.21 52.49 55.77 59.06 62.34 20 65.62 68.90 72.18 75.46 78.74 82.02 85.30 88.58 91.86 95.14 30 98.42 101.71 104.99 108.27 111.55 114.83 118.11 121.39 124.67 127.95 40 131.23 134.51 137.80 141.08 144.36 147.64 150.92 154.20 157.48 160.76 50 164.04 167.32 170.60 173.88 177.16 180.45 183.73 187.01 190.29 193.57 60 196.85 200.13 203.41 206.69 209.97 213.25 216.54 219.82 223.10 226.38 70 229.66 232.94 236.22 239.50 242.78 246.06 249.34 252.62 255.90 259.19 80 262.47 265.75 269.03 272.31 275.59 278.87 282.15 285.43 288.71 291.99 90 295.28 298.56 301.84 305.12 308.40 311.68 314.96 318.24 321.52 324.80 Meters to Fathoms Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0.00 0.55 1.09 1.64 2.19 2.73 3.28 3.83 4.37 4.92 10 5.47 6.01 6.56 7.11 7.66 8.20 8.75 9.30 9.84 10.39 20 10.94 11.48 12.03 12.58 13.12 13.67 14.22 14.76 15.31 15.86 30 16.40 16.95 17.50 18.04 18.59 19.14 19.68 20.23 20.78 21.33 40 21.87 22.42 22.97 23.51 24.06 24.61 25.15 25.70 26.25 26.79 50 27.34 27.89 28.43 28.98 29.53 30.07 30.62 31.17 31.71 32.26 60 32.81 33.36 33.90 34.45 35.00 35.54 36.09 36.64 37.18 37.73 70 38.28 38.82 39.37 39.92 40.46 41.01 41.56 42.10 42.65 43.20 80 43.74 44.29 44.84 45.38 45.93 46.48 47.03 47.57 48.12 48.67 90 49.21 49.76 50.31 50.85 51.40 51.95 52.49 53.04 53.59 54.13
AbbreviationsThe following abbreviations may be used in thetext:Units°℃kmdegree(s) Centigradekilometer(s)cmcentimeter(s)mmeter(s)mbcu.m.cubic meter(s)millibarsdwtdeadweight tonsMHzmegahertzFEUforty-foot equivalent unitsmmmillimeter(s)grtgross registered tonsnrtnet registered tonskHzkilohertzTEUtwenty-foot equivalent unitsDirectionssNnorthsouthNNESSWnorthnortheastsouthsouthwestNESWnortheastsouthwestENEwSWeastnortheastwestsouthwestEWeastwestESEWNWeastsoutheastwestnorthwestSENWsoutheastnorthwestSSENNWsouthsoutheastnorthnorthwestVessel typesLASHLighter Aboard Shipro-roRoll-on Roll-offULCCLNGLiquified Natural GasUltra Large Crude CarrierLPGVLCCLiquified Petroleum GasVery Large Crude CarrierOBOOre/Bulk/OilTimeGMTETAestimated time of arrivalGreenwich Mean TimeETDUTCestimated time of departureCoordinated Universal TimeWater levelLWSMSLmean sea levellowwater springsHWhigh waterMHWNmean high water neapsLWMHWSlowwatermean high water springsMHWMLWNmean high watermean low water neapsMLWMLWSmean lowwatermean lowwater springsHWNHAThigh water neapshighest astronomical tideHWSLAThigh water springslowest astronomical tideLWNlowwater neapsCommunicationsMFD/Fdirection findermedium frequencyR/THFradiotelephonehigh frequencyGMDSSVHFGlobal Maritime Distress and Safety Systemvery high frequencyLFUHFlow frequencyultra high frequencyNavigationSPMLANBYLarge Automatic Navigation BuoySingle Point MooringNAVSATTSSNavigation SatelliteTraffic Separation SchemeODASVTCOcean Data Acquisition SystemVessel Traffic CenterSBMVTSVessel Traffic ServiceSingle Buoy MooringMiscellaneousCOLREGSCollision RegulationsIALANo./Nos.InternationalAssociationofLighthouseNumber/NumbersPAAuthoritiesPosition approximatePDIHOInternational Hydrographic OfficePosition doubtfulIMOPub.PublicationInternational Maritime Organizationloalength overallSt./Ste.Saint/SainteXIPub. 147
Pub. 147 XI Abbreviations The following abbreviations may be used in the text: Units °C degree(s) Centigrade km kilometer(s) cm centimeter(s) m meter(s) cu.m. cubic meter(s) mb millibars dwt deadweight tons MHz megahertz FEU forty-foot equivalent units mm millimeter(s) grt gross registered tons nrt net registered tons kHz kilohertz TEU twenty-foot equivalent units Directions N north S south NNE northnortheast SSW southsouthwest NE northeast SW southwest ENE eastnortheast WSW westsouthwest E east W west ESE eastsoutheast WNW westnorthwest SE southeast NW northwest SSE southsoutheast NNW northnorthwest Vessel types LASH Lighter Aboard Ship ro-ro Roll-on Roll-off LNG Liquified Natural Gas ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier OBO Ore/Bulk/Oil Time ETA estimated time of arrival GMT Greenwich Mean Time ETD estimated time of departure UTC Coordinated Universal Time Water level MSL mean sea level LWS low water springs HW high water MHWN mean high water neaps LW low water MHWS mean high water springs MHW mean high water MLWN mean low water neaps MLW mean low water MLWS mean low water springs HWN high water neaps HAT highest astronomical tide HWS high water springs LAT lowest astronomical tide LWN low water neaps Communications D/F direction finder MF medium frequency R/T radiotelephone HF high frequency GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System VHF very high frequency LF low frequency UHF ultra high frequency Navigation LANBY Large Automatic Navigation Buoy SPM Single Point Mooring NAVSAT Navigation Satellite TSS Traffic Separation Scheme ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System VTC Vessel Traffic Center SBM Single Buoy Mooring VTS Vessel Traffic Service Miscellaneous COLREGS Collision Regulations IALA International Association of Lighthouse Authorities No./Nos. PA Number/Numbers Position approximate IHO International Hydrographic Office PD Position doubtful IMO International Maritime Organization Pub. Publication loa length overall St./Ste. Saint/Sainte
$435GENERALCHART26341NEBREAKERSNORTHRIOCKAPELIALOCRTONAITCHENSHOALSBCBREAKERS252842ARIADNABANKNUURAYEOGHARROURPLCHARCDAVIDSHEADBEHMUOALAND3220CHOBHEADSGREts-S.WBREAKERNORTHATLANTICOCEAN64*3064:88AAdditional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution)SECTOR1-CHARTINFORMATIONPub.147
1 Pub. 147 1. Bermuda 1.0Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution). SECTOR 1 — CHART INFORMATION
3SECTOR 1BERMUDAPlan.This sector describes Bermuda in general, then theNorthers are a lesser aberration within the general climatesea approaches and inner water passages.The description isproducing forces. They originate as an escape from the conti-NEto SW.nental United States of large cold air masses which in theimovement Sand SE,decrease from stormvelocities to strongGeneral Remarkswinds that tend to veer from W through NWto N.Land breez-es are negligible.1.1Bermuda(32°18'N.,64°45W.)liesabout565milesBermuda,situated somewhat above 32°N, lieoutside thear-ESE of Cape Hatteras, the nearest landfall, and in a mid-oceanea of direct NE trade winds influence and within the axis of theposition adjacent to direct routes from the United States Gulfgeneral clockwise circulation obtaining in the North Atlanticports to the Mediterranean and Northern Europe, and to directOcean,with theconsequencethatthe wind direction differs ba-routes from United States East Coast ports to South America.sically from that in the trade wind belt to the S.Of the300 emergent above-waterfeaturesof this grouponWindfromtheSWpredominatesbetweenMarchandAu-the Bermuda Great Reef, about half are only above-watergustwhilewinds from the W and NWprevail between Decemrocks.About 20of the remaining 150 islands are inhabited andber and February.Fall winds are variable.Average windthe seven largest are connected by bridge and causeway to Ber-velocity is between a Force 3 and 4, somewhat less in summermuda (Hamilton).than in winter.Bermuda is the largest, followed by Saint George's IslandWith the breakdown of the Azores high in September andand Saint David's Island to the NE, and Somerset Island, Wat-October and thereafter with thepassage of extra tropical cyford Island, Boaz Island, and Ireland Island to the SWclones moving E from the U.S.mainland, gale winds from theThe islands have a total surface area of almost 21 squareSW through NW occur with increased frequency.Tropical cymiles, and extend almost 14 miles in length. Saint George'sclones originating during this period and developing intoHarbour and Saint George lie in the N portion of the chain.storms commonlypass Wof theislands.During the summer, gale force winds are infrequent andGreat Sound and Hamilton, Ireland Island Dockyard, and PortRoyal Bay lie in the S part.blowfrom SE throughNEonly when in association with hurri-Winds-Weather.Bermuda and theBahamas,while somecanes. Many of these latter pass near the islands but only about725 miles apart, are subject in large measure to the same natu-once a year on the average pass close enough to produce local-ral forces that produce the general climate and current condi-ly experienced hurricane winds.tions within the SW portion of theNorthAtlantic Ocean.TheBermuda has a maritime climate that is rather sultry and gen-consequences of these conditions differ primarily in degree inerally quite mild.The averagehigh temperature is 30°C bethat Bermuda is an oceanic island while the Bahamas tend totween July and Septemberand the averagelow seldomfallsbelow 14°C at other times of the year. October is the wettestbemorecoastal islands.The principal sources of climate and current conditions af-month, while April is the driest. Fog is rare and visibility isfectingBermuda andtheBahamas are more orless constantcommonly impaired only during heavy rainfall.TidesCurrents.Ocean currents affecting Bermuda andNE trade winds.As thesepartake of the general North Atlanticclockwise movement circulating around the semi-permanentthe Bahamas are almost entirely dependent on prevailing windsareas or high barometric pressure alternating between thewhich.in general causeaclockwiseflow around theNorthAt-Azores and Bermuda.lantic basin.The local effects of these currents are dependentAs this high fluctuates seasonally in position and intensityupon the position of the observer within the general flow.so the N limit of the trade winds varies during the year. In win-Tidal currents are, with exception, negligible in the open seater it lies in about 25°N, while in summer it shifts to aboutand, while generally weak, become matters of concern only30°N.within confined channels leading through reefs and the like. InThe fluctuating N limit of the NE trade winds thus falls ap-general, flood currents set directly onto reefs while ebb cur-rents set directly off.proximately between Bermuda and the Bahamas, and therebybecomesa contributing factorto differences inlocal wind andTides forBermuda and theBahamas are mixed.There arecurrentconditionstwo daily highs and lows of near equal height when the moonThe West Indian hurricane, the principal aberration withinis near the equatorThen two daily highs and lows with increasing diurnal ine-the general forces governing the production of climate condi-tions, develops more often than not well to the E and in the lat-quality as the moon declination increases, then essentially onlyitudes of the lowbarometric pressure doldrums.one daily high and low when the moon declination maximizes.It travels slowlyW within the belt of the NEtrade winds and,The mean sea level is affected by the wind, and depths maywith an increase in speed generally recurves NE in about 30°N.be0.3to0.4mlessthancharted.The season of its occurrence is late May to early DecemberDepthsLimitations.Bermuda Great Reef is the nameand the prevalence of its track is such that it affects the Baha-given to the extensive reef system on which Bermuda is locat-mas considerably more than Bermuda.ed. The outer dangers and approach channels through the reefPub.147
3 Pub. 147 SECTOR 1 BERMUDA 1.0 Plan.—This sector describes Bermuda in general, then the sea approaches and inner water passages. The description is NE to SW. General Remarks 1.1 Bermuda (32°18'N., 64°45'W.) lies about 565 miles ESE of Cape Hatteras, the nearest landfall, and in a mid-ocean position adjacent to direct routes from the United States Gulf ports to the Mediterranean and Northern Europe, and to direct routes from United States East Coast ports to South America. 1.1 Of the 300 emergent above-water features of this group on the Bermuda Great Reef, about half are only above-water rocks. About 20 of the remaining 150 islands are inhabited and the seven largest are connected by bridge and causeway to Bermuda (Hamilton). 1.1 Bermuda is the largest, followed by Saint George’s Island and Saint David’s Island to the NE, and Somerset Island, Watford Island, Boaz Island, and Ireland Island to the SW. 1.1 The islands have a total surface area of almost 21 square miles, and extend almost 14 miles in length. Saint George’s Harbour and Saint George lie in the N portion of the chain. Great Sound and Hamilton, Ireland Island Dockyard, and Port Royal Bay lie in the S part. 1.1 Winds—Weather.—Bermuda and the Bahamas, while some 725 miles apart, are subject in large measure to the same natural forces that produce the general climate and current conditions within the SW portion of the North Atlantic Ocean. The consequences of these conditions differ primarily in degree in that Bermuda is an oceanic island while the Bahamas tend to be more coastal islands. 1.1 The principal sources of climate and current conditions affecting Bermuda and the Bahamas are more or less constant NE trade winds. As these partake of the general North Atlantic clockwise movement circulating around the semi-permanent areas or high barometric pressure alternating between the Azores and Bermuda. 1.1 As this high fluctuates seasonally in position and intensity, so the N limit of the trade winds varies during the year. In winter it lies in about 25°N, while in summer it shifts to about 30°N. 1.1 The fluctuating N limit of the NE trade winds thus falls approximately between Bermuda and the Bahamas, and thereby becomes a contributing factor to differences in local wind and current conditions. 1.1 The West Indian hurricane, the principal aberration within the general forces governing the production of climate conditions, develops more often than not well to the E and in the latitudes of the low barometric pressure doldrums. 1.1 It travels slowly W within the belt of the NE trade winds and, with an increase in speed generally recurves NE in about 30°N. 1.1 The season of its occurrence is late May to early December and the prevalence of its track is such that it affects the Bahamas considerably more than Bermuda. 1.1 Northers are a lesser aberration within the general climate producing forces. They originate as an escape from the continental United States of large cold air masses which in their movement S and SE, decrease from storm velocities to strong winds that tend to veer from W through NW to N. Land breezes are negligible. 1.1 Bermuda, situated somewhat above 32°N, lie outside the area of direct NE trade winds influence and within the axis of the general clockwise circulation obtaining in the North Atlantic Ocean, with the consequence that the wind direction differs basically from that in the trade wind belt to the S. 1.1 Wind from the SW predominates between March and August while winds from the W and NW prevail between December and February. Fall winds are variable. Average wind velocity is between a Force 3 and 4, somewhat less in summer than in winter. 1.1 With the breakdown of the Azores high in September and October and thereafter with the passage of extra tropical cyclones moving E from the U.S. mainland, gale winds from the SW through NW occur with increased frequency. Tropical cyclones originating during this period and developing into storms commonly pass W of the islands. 1.1 During the summer, gale force winds are infrequent and blow from SE through NE only when in association with hurricanes. Many of these latter pass near the islands but only about once a year on the average pass close enough to produce locally experienced hurricane winds. 1.1 Bermuda has a maritime climate that is rather sultry and generally quite mild. The average high temperature is 30°C between July and September and the average low seldom falls below 14°C at other times of the year. October is the wettest month, while April is the driest. Fog is rare and visibility is commonly impaired only during heavy rainfall. 1.1 Tides—Currents.—Ocean currents affecting Bermuda and the Bahamas are almost entirely dependent on prevailing winds which, in general cause a clockwise flow around the North Atlantic basin. The local effects of these currents are dependent upon the position of the observer within the general flow. 1.1 Tidal currents are, with exception, negligible in the open sea and, while generally weak, become matters of concern only within confined channels leading through reefs and the like. In general, flood currents set directly onto reefs while ebb currents set directly off. 1.1 Tides for Bermuda and the Bahamas are mixed. There are two daily highs and lows of near equal height when the moon is near the equator. 1.1 Then two daily highs and lows with increasing diurnal inequality as the moon declination increases, then essentially only one daily high and low when the moon declination maximizes. 1.1 The mean sea level is affected by the wind, and depths may be 0.3 to 0.4m less than charted. 1.1 Depths—Limitations.—Bermuda Great Reef is the name given to the extensive reef system on which Bermuda is located. The outer dangers and approach channels through the reef
Sector1.Bermuda4will be described later in the text.3.Nature andquantityof anydangerous or toxiccargoAspect.Saint George's Harbour has been reported to be4.GRT, length, and draft.radar conspicuous.FollyTowers are conspicuous on the slope5.Any restriction on ability to maneuver.ofTownHill.GibbsHillliesneartheSpartofBermuda'sSex-6.Anydefectstonavigational equipment.and whethertremity.Wreck Hill, a conical hill near the W extremity of thelarge scale charts of Bermuda are available.same island, may be useful if approached from the N or S.All vessels must remain at least 20 miles offshore until in-TownHill(32°19'N.,64°44W.),located intheNportionofstructed to approach thepilotboardinggroundBermuda, is the highest point in the group.All vessels should maintain a continuous listening watch onThe larger islands are somewhat wooded and generally char-VHF channel 12 while transiting the buoyed channels andacterized by round hills which seldom rise above a height ofshould obtain permission before transiting The Narrows and61m.Town Cut Channel.Pilotage.Pilotage is compulsory except for naval vesselsVessels intending to enter the area to be avoided should conand yachts and is available in daylight only. The boardingtact Bermuda Harbour Radio and state nationality,positionground is located 2miles ENE of SaintDavid'sHead, with thecourse,speed, destination,type of cargo,and draft.VesselsE tip of the island bearing 240o.Vessels with a draft in excessshould maintain continuous listening watch on VHF channel16.of1Om and all othervesselscarryinghazardous cargo,notVessels passing within30 miles of Bermuda are requested toholding appropriate approachcharts,orwithlimited maneuver-ability are boarded 3miles E of Saint David's Head.contact Bermuda Harbour Radio on VHF channel 16 initially,The pilot station (call sign:Bermuda Pilots)may be contact-stating:Type of vessel.ed onVHFchannels12and16.1.Regulations.An IMO-established Area tobeAvoided has2.Nationalitybeen established in the waters surrounding Bermuda, and may3.Laden or inballast (tankers only)best be seen on the chart.Because of the great danger of4.Position, course, and speed.stranding on the extensive reefs to the W, N, and NE of the is-Any course changes within 30 nautical miles of Ber-5.landsand.forreasonsofenvironmentalprotectionallvesselsmuda.carrying cargoes of oil or hazardous materials and all otherBermuda Harbour Radio (call sign:Bermuda Harbour)mayvessels ofmorethan1,oo0grt, whetherornotboundforBer-be contactedon 2182kHz,2582kHz,andVHF channels 1012,16,27,and 68, and is equipped with radar.AremoteVHFmudaports.shouldremainoutsideof theareaAvoluntaryVesselTrafficManagementService(VTMS)isstation is located at Gibbs Head Light.ineffectforvesselspassingwithin30milesofBermudaandisAnchorage.It has been reported that good hurricane an-mandatory for vessels sailingforports in Bermuda or intendingchoragesforsmallcraftmaybefoundinSmithsSound,Greatto navigate within the Area to be Avoided.Bay,Polly's Bay,Riddell's Bay, and Bermuda Freeport.The following is a summary of regulations dealing with ves-Anchorage while awaiting the pilot is available in Five Fath-sel movements,berthing,and the duties of masters.TrafficomHole.butthelocalauthoritiesshouldbeconsultedbeforecontrol is exercised through Bermuda Harbour Radio.attemptingtoanchor here.1. Ocean-going vessels have absolute right of way overDirections.The sea approaches to Bermuda are generallylocal craft.in deep water and free of dangers,exceptfor two off-lying sea-2.Vessels shall proceed at moderate speed.mounts to theSW and the sunken dangers of Bermuda Great3.Thedischarge or dumping offuel oil,ballast,rubbishReef.Intimes ofpoorvisibility,theonly safeapproachtoBermu-oranyothermaterialsisprohibited.Thefollowingregulations governMain Ship Channel,Fiveda is from the SE.It is recommended that vessels scheduleFathom Hole, The Narrows, Murray's Anchorage, and Souththeir arrival in an area well to the NE of the islands during day-Channel to Grassy Bay. Additional regulations will be cited inlight hours, since the dredged entrance passages are withoutthe text where appropriate:lighted ranges.1.An inbound vessel has right-of-way,and should flyEntry at night is permitted only in an emergency.It is recom-her national colors while navigating these channels to claimmended that vessels approaching from the SW adjust theirprioritycourse to stand well off the SE side of the islands and remain in2.Anoutboundvessel shouldkeepoff andawayfromdeep water until the E extremity of the islands can be roundedthe channel at safe and sufficient distance, until the inboundandafinal approachmade in safetyfrom seawardIt is recommended thatvessels approaching from the Wandvessel has cleared thechannel.3.No vessel should anchor in the channels, except in anNW remain indeep water well totheNof theBermuda Greatemergency or through stress of weather and should clear theReef, and adjust their courses in order to safely clear the E ex-channel as soon as possible.tremity of the reef and arrive at a position about 10 miles NE ofVessels heading for Bermuda ports and making a scheduledthe harbor entranceA final approach may then be made with Saint David's Is-callmustradiotheirETAatFiveFathomHole18to24hoursin advance, confirming at least 3hours prior to arrival.Vesselsland Light bearing more than 226° to clear all known dangers.making an unscheduled call must contact Bermuda HarbourAradiobeacon andDGPS stationattheNEendof BermudaRadio at least 24 hours in advance of arrival, stating:near St.David's Head may be of assistance during an ap-1.Purpose of call and local agent.proach.2.ETAatFiveFathomHole.It is recommended that vesselsproceed with caution whenPub. 147
4 Sector 1. Bermuda Pub. 147 will be described later in the text. Aspect.—Saint George’s Harbour has been reported to be radar conspicuous. Folly Towers are conspicuous on the slope of Town Hill. Gibbs Hill lies near the S part of Bermuda’s S extremity. Wreck Hill, a conical hill near the W extremity of the same island, may be useful if approached from the N or S. 1.1 Town Hill (32°19'N., 64°44'W.), located in the N portion of Bermuda, is the highest point in the group. 1.1 The larger islands are somewhat wooded and generally characterized by round hills which seldom rise above a height of 61m. 1.1 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory except for naval vessels and yachts and is available in daylight only. The boarding ground is located 2 miles ENE of Saint David’s Head, with the E tip of the island bearing 240°. Vessels with a draft in excess of 10m and all other vessels carrying hazardous cargo, not holding appropriate approach charts, or with limited maneuverability are boarded 3 miles E of Saint David’s Head. 1.1 The pilot station (call sign: Bermuda Pilots) may be contacted on VHF channels 12 and 16. 1.1 Regulations.—An IMO-established Area to be Avoided has been established in the waters surrounding Bermuda, and may best be seen on the chart. Because of the great danger of stranding on the extensive reefs to the W, N, and NE of the islands and, for reasons of environmental protection, all vessels carrying cargoes of oil or hazardous materials and all other vessels of more than 1,000 grt, whether or not bound for Bermuda ports, should remain outside of the area. 1.1 A voluntary Vessel Traffic Management Service (VTMS) is in effect for vessels passing within 30 miles of Bermuda and is mandatory for vessels sailing for ports in Bermuda or intending to navigate within the Area to be Avoided. 1.1 The following is a summary of regulations dealing with vessel movements, berthing, and the duties of masters. Traffic control is exercised through Bermuda Harbour Radio. 1. Ocean-going vessels have absolute right of way over local craft. 2. Vessels shall proceed at moderate speed. 3. The discharge or dumping of fuel oil, ballast, rubbish or any other materials is prohibited. 1.1 The following regulations govern Main Ship Channel, Five Fathom Hole, The Narrows, Murray’s Anchorage, and South Channel to Grassy Bay. Additional regulations will be cited in the text where appropriate: 1. An inbound vessel has right-of-way, and should fly her national colors while navigating these channels to claim priority. 2. An outbound vessel should keep off and away from the channel at safe and sufficient distance, until the inbound vessel has cleared the channel. 3. No vessel should anchor in the channels, except in an emergency or through stress of weather and should clear the channel as soon as possible. 1.1 Vessels heading for Bermuda ports and making a scheduled call must radio their ETA at Five Fathom Hole 18 to 24 hours in advance, confirming at least 3 hours prior to arrival. Vessels making an unscheduled call must contact Bermuda Harbour Radio at least 24 hours in advance of arrival, stating: 1. Purpose of call and local agent. 2. ETA at Five Fathom Hole. 3. Nature and quantity of any dangerous or toxic cargo. 4. GRT, length, and draft. 5. Any restriction on ability to maneuver. 6. Any defects to navigational equipment, and whether large scale charts of Bermuda are available. 1.1 All vessels must remain at least 20 miles offshore until instructed to approach the pilot boarding ground. 1.1 All vessels should maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF channel 12 while transiting the buoyed channels and should obtain permission before transiting The Narrows and Town Cut Channel. 1.1 Vessels intending to enter the area to be avoided should contact Bermuda Harbour Radio and state nationality, position, course, speed, destination, type of cargo, and draft. Vessels should maintain continuous listening watch on VHF channel 16. 1.1 Vessels passing within 30 miles of Bermuda are requested to contact Bermuda Harbour Radio on VHF channel 16 initially, stating: 1. Type of vessel. 2. Nationality. 3. Laden or in ballast (tankers only). 4. Position, course, and speed. 5. Any course changes within 30 nautical miles of Bermuda. 1.1 Bermuda Harbour Radio (call sign: Bermuda Harbour) may be contacted on 2182 kHz, 2582 kHz, and VHF channels 10, 12, 16, 27, and 68, and is equipped with radar. A remote VHF station is located at Gibbs Head Light. 1.1 Anchorage.—It has been reported that good hurricane anchorages for small craft may be found in Smiths Sound, Great Bay, Polly’s Bay, Riddell’s Bay, and Bermuda Freeport. 1.1 Anchorage while awaiting the pilot is available in Five Fathom Hole, but the local authorities should be consulted before attempting to anchor here. 1.1 Directions.—The sea approaches to Bermuda are generally in deep water and free of dangers, except for two off-lying seamounts to the SW and the sunken dangers of Bermuda Great Reef. 1.1 In times of poor visibility, the only safe approach to Bermuda is from the SE. It is recommended that vessels schedule their arrival in an area well to the NE of the islands during daylight hours, since the dredged entrance passages are without lighted ranges. 1.1 Entry at night is permitted only in an emergency. It is recommended that vessels approaching from the SW adjust their course to stand well off the SE side of the islands and remain in deep water until the E extremity of the islands can be rounded and a final approach made in safety from seaward. 1.1 It is recommended that vessels approaching from the W and NW remain in deep water well to the N of the Bermuda Great Reef, and adjust their courses in order to safely clear the E extremity of the reef and arrive at a position about 10 miles NE of the harbor entrance. 1.1 A final approach may then be made with Saint David’s Island Light bearing more than 226° to clear all known dangers. 1.1 A radiobeacon and DGPS station at the NE end of Bermuda near St. David’s Head may be of assistance during an approach. 1.1 It is recommended that vessels proceed with caution when