《航海学》课程教学资源（文献资料）ICOSbook PUB. 102 INTERNATIONAL CODE OF SIGNALS，FOR VISUAL, SOUND, AND RADIO COMMUNICATIONS UNITED STATES EDITION 1969 Edition（Revised 2003）

PUB. 102INTERNATIONALCODE OF SIGNALSFOR VISUAL, SOUND, AND RADIO COMMUNICATIONSUNITED STATES EDITION1969 Edition(Revised 2003)NATIONALIMAGERYANDMAPPINGAGENCY

PUB. 102 INTERNATIONAL CODE OF SIGNALS FOR VISUAL, SOUND, AND RADIO COMMUNICATIONS UNITED STATES EDITION 1969 Edition (Revised 2003) NATIONAL IMAGERY AND MAPPING AGENCY

INTERNATIONALFLAGSANDPENNANTSALPHABETFLAGSNUMERALPENNANTSAlfaKiloUniformBravoVictorLima2XWhis-CharlieMike3口keyDeltaXrayNovem-8+berEchoOscarYankee5mFoxtrotPapaZulu6SUBSTITUTESGolfQuebec1stSubstituteHotel2ndRomeo8Substitute3rdIndiaSierra9SubstituteJuliettTangoCODE(AnsweringPennantorDecimai Point)

PREFACEPub 102, the 1969 edition of the International Code of Signals, became effective on 1April 1969, and at that timesuperseded H.0.Pubs.103 and 104, International Code of Signals, Volumes I and II.All signals are contained in a singlevolumesuitableforall methodsofcommunicationTheFirst International Code was drafted in1855by a Committee set up by the BritishBoardofTrade.It contained 70,000signals using eighteen flags and was published by the British Board of Trade in 1857 in two parts;, the first containinguniversal and international signals and the second British signals only.Thebook was adoptedbymost seafaring nations.This early edition was revised bya Committee set up in1887by the British Board of Trade.The Committee's proposalswere discussed bythe principal maritimepowers and at the International Conference in Washington in1889.As aresultmany changes were made.The Code was completed in 1897 and was distributed to all maritime powers. That edition ofthe International Codeof Signals,however,did notstand thetestof WorldWarITheInternational RadiotelegraphConferenceatWashington in1927consideredproposalsforanewrevisionoftheCodeand decided that it should be prepared in seven languages,namely in English,French,Italian, German,Japanese, Spanishand inoneScandinavianlanguagewhichwaschosenbytheScandinavianGovernmentstobetheNorwegian language.Thenew editionwas completed in1930and was adopted by the InternationalRadiotelegraph Conference held inMadrid in1932.ThenewCodewascompiled intwovolumes,oneforusebyvisual signalingand theotherbyradiotelegraphy.Wordsandphrasesapplicabletoaircraft wereintroduced inVolumeII together withacompleteMedical Sectionanda Codeforacceleratingthegrantingofpratique.The Medical Section and thepratiquesignals werepreparedwith the assistanceandbytheadviceoftheOfficeInternational d'HygienePublique.TheCode,particularlyVolumeI,wasprimarilyintendedforusebyshipsand aircraft and,via coastal radiostations,between ships or aircraftand authorities ashore.Acertain numberof signalswere insertedforcommunications withshipowners,agents,repairyards,etc.The sameConference(Madrid1932)establisheda StandingCommitteetoreviewtheCode, ifand whennecessary,togiveguidanceonquestions ofuseandprocedure,andtoconsiderproposalsformodifications.SecretarialdutieswereundertakenbytheGovernmentoftheUnited Kingdom.The Standing Committee met only once in 1933 and introduced certain additions and amendmentsThe Administrative Radio Conference of the International Telecommunication Union suggested in 1947 that theInternational Code of Signals should fall within the competence of the Inter-Governmental Maritime ConsultativeOrganization(IMCO).InJanuary1959,theFirstAssemblyofIMCOdecidedthattheOrganization shouldassumeallthefunctionsthenbeingperformedbytheStandingCommitteeoftheInternational CodeofSignals.TheSecondAssemblyin1961 endorsedplansfora comprehensivereviewof theInternational Codeof Signals intended tomeet thepresentdayrequirementsofmariners.ASubcommitteeoftheMaritimeSafetyCommitteeoftheOrganizationwasestablishedtorevisethe Code,to prepare it in ninelanguages,namely the original seven (English,French, Italian, German, Japanese,SpanishandNorwegian)togetherwithRussianandGreek,andtoconsiderproposalsforanewradiotelephoneCodeand itsrelationtotheInternationalCodeofSignals.TheSubcommitteeconsistedofrepresentativesofthefollowingcountries:ArgentinaGermany,France,Greece,Italy,Japan,Norway,RussianFederation,UnitedKingdom,andtheUnited StatesofAmerica.The following international governmental and nongovernmental organizations contributed to,and assisted in,thepreparation of the revisedCode:the International Atomic Energy Agency,the International Civil AviationOrganizationtheInternational LaborOrganization,the International TelecommunicationUnion,the World Meteorological Organization,theWorldHealthOrganization,theInternationalChamberof Shipping,theInternational Confederationof FreeTradeUnions,and theInternationalRadioMaritimeCommittee.TheSubcommitteecompletedtherevisionoftheCodein1964,taking intoaccountRecommendation42of the1960Conferenceon Safetyof Lifeat Sea andRecommendation22oftheAdministrativeRadioConference,Geneva1959.TheCode was adopted bytheFourthAssemblyofIMCO in1965.The revisedCode is intendedtocaterprimarilyfor situationsrelated essentiallyto safety of navigationand persons,especiallywhenlanguagedifficulties arise.Itis suitablefortransmission by all means of communication,includingradiotelephony and radiotelegraphy,thus obviating thenecessityfor a separate radiotelephoneCode and dispensingwithVolume ilfor Radiotelegraphy.The revised Code embodies theprinciple thateach signal has a completemeaning.It thusleaves out the vocabularymethod which was part of theold Code.TheGeographical Section, not being consideredessential, wasomitted.Bythesemeans it was possibletoreduce considerablythevolumeof theCodeand achievesimplicity.Changes and corrections for this product will appear in the NIMA weekly Notice to Mariners and must be applied to keepitcurrent.Usersshouldreferinformationandcommentsto:MARITIMESAFETYINFORMATIONDIVISION,STD44NATIONALIMAGERYANDMAPPINGAGENCY,4600SANGAMOREROAD,BETHESDAMD20816-5003ii

iii PREFACE Pub 102, the 1969 edition of the International Code of Signals, became effective on 1 April 1969, and at that time superseded H.O. Pubs. 103 and 104, International Code of Signals, Volumes I and II. All signals are contained in a single volume suitable for all methods of communication. The First International Code was drafted in 1855 by a Committee set up by the British Board of Trade. It contained 70,000 signals using eighteen flags and was published by the British Board of Trade in 1857 in two parts; the first containing universal and international signals and the second British signals only. The book was adopted by most seafaring nations. This early edition was revised by a Committee set up in 1887 by the British Board of Trade. The Committee’s proposals were discussed by the principal maritime powers and at the International Conference in Washington in 1889. As a result, many changes were made. The Code was completed in 1897 and was distributed to all maritime powers. That edition of the International Code of Signals, however, did not stand the test of World War I. The International Radiotelegraph Conference at Washington in 1927 considered proposals for a new revision of the Code and decided that it should be prepared in seven languages, namely in English, French, Italian, German, Japanese, Spanish and in one Scandinavian language which was chosen by the Scandinavian Governments to be the Norwegian language. The new edition was completed in 1930 and was adopted by the International Radiotelegraph Conference held in Madrid in 1932. The new Code was compiled in two volumes, one for use by visual signaling and the other by radiotelegraphy. Words and phrases applicable to aircraft were introduced in Volume II together with a complete Medical Section and a Code for accelerating the granting of pratique. The Medical Section and the pratique signals were prepared with the assistance and by the advice of the Office International d’Hygiene Publique. The Code, particularly Volume II, was primarily intended for use by ships and aircraft and, via coastal radio stations, between ships or aircraft and authorities ashore. A certain number of signals were inserted for communications with shipowners, agents, repair yards, etc. The same Conference (Madrid, 1932) established a Standing Committee to review the Code, if and when necessary, to give guidance on questions of use and procedure, and to consider proposals for modifications. Secretarial duties were undertaken by the Government of the United Kingdom. The Standing Committee met only once in 1933 and introduced certain additions and amendments. The Administrative Radio Conference of the International Telecommunication Union suggested in 1947 that the International Code of Signals should fall within the competence of the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO). In January 1959, the First Assembly of IMCO decided that the Organization should assume all the functions then being performed by the Standing Committee of the International Code of Signals. The Second Assembly in 1961 endorsed plans for a comprehensive review of the International Code of Signals intended to meet the present day requirements of mariners. A Subcommittee of the Maritime Safety Committee of the Organization was established to revise the Code, to prepare it in nine languages, namely the original seven (English, French, Italian, German, Japanese, Spanish, and Norwegian) together with Russian and Greek, and to consider proposals for a new radiotelephone Code and its relation to the International Code of Signals. The Subcommittee consisted of representatives of the following countries: Argentina, Germany, France, Greece, Italy, Japan, Norway, Russian Federation, United Kingdom, and the United States of America. The following international governmental and nongovernmental organizations contributed to, and assisted in, the preparation of the revised Code: the International Atomic Energy Agency, the International Civil Aviation Organization, the International Labor Organization, the International Telecommunication Union, the World Meteorological Organization, the World Health Organization, the International Chamber of Shipping, the International Confederation of Free Trade Unions, and the International Radio Maritime Committee. The Subcommittee completed the revision of the Code in 1964, taking into account Recommendation 42 of the 1960 Conference on Safety of Life at Sea and Recommendation 22 of the Administrative Radio Conference, Geneva 1959. The Code was adopted by the Fourth Assembly of IMCO in 1965. The revised Code is intended to cater primarily for situations related essentially to safety of navigation and persons, especially when language difficulties arise. It is suitable for transmission by all means of communication, including radiotelephony and radiotelegraphy, thus obviating the necessity for a separate radiotelephone Code and dispensing with Volume II for Radiotelegraphy. The revised Code embodies the principle that each signal has a complete meaning. It thus leaves out the vocabulary method which was part of the old Code. The Geographical Section, not being considered essential, was omitted. By these means it was possible to reduce considerably the volume of the Code and achieve simplicity. Changes and corrections for this product will appear in the NIMA weekly Notice to Mariners and must be applied to keep it current. Users should refer information and comments to: MARITIME SAFETY INFORMATION DIVISION, ST D 44, NATIONAL IMAGERY AND MAPPING AGENCY, 4600 SANGAMORE ROAD, BETHESDA MD 20816-5003

CONTENTSPAGECHAPTER1-SIGNALINGINSTRUCTIONS.27CHAPTER2.GENERALSIGNALCODECHAPTER3.—MEDICALSIGNALCODE,105CHAPTER4.DISTRESSANDLIFESAVINGSIGNALSAND.137RADIOTELEPHONEPROCEDURESAPPENDIX:U.S./Russia Supplementary Signals for Naval Vessels.151.153INDEXES..155Index for Signaling Instructions and General Signal Code.159Index for Medical Signal Code-

PAGE v CONTENTS CHAPTER 1.—SIGNALING INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 CHAPTER 2.— GENERAL SIGNAL CODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27 CHAPTER 3.—MEDICAL SIGNAL CODE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .105 CHAPTER 4.—DISTRESS AND LIFESAVING SIGNALS AND RADIOTELEPHONE PROCEDURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .137 APPENDIX: U.S./Russia Supplementary Signals for Naval Vessels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .151 INDEXES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .153 Index for Signaling Instructions and General Signal Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .155 Index for Medical Signal Code. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159

CHAPTERCHAPTER 1SIGNALING INSTRUCTIONSPAGESECTION1:EXPLANATIONANDGENERALREMARKS.4SECTION2:DEFINITIONSSECTION3:METHODSOFSIGNALING.5.6SECTION4:GENERALINSTRUCTIONS9SECTION5:FLAGSIGNALING..11SECTION6:FLASHINGLIGHTSIGNALING..13SECTION7:SOUNDSIGNALING.14SECTION8:RADIOTELEPHONY.15SECTION9:SIGNALINGBYHANDFLAGSORARMSMORSESIGNALINGBYHANDFLAGSORARMS.15-17SECTION1O:MORSESYMBOLS-PHONETICTABLES-—PROCEDURESIGNALS..17MORSESYMBOLS.20PROCEDURESIGNALS.22SINGLELETTERSIGNALS.23SINGLELETTERSIGNALSWITHCOMPLEMENTSSINGLELETTERSIGNALSBETWEENICEBREAKERANDASSISTEDVESSELS....24

CHAPTER PAGE 1 1 CHAPTER 1 SIGNALING INSTRUCTIONS SECTION 1: EXPLANATION AND GENERAL REMARKS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3 SECTION 2: DEFINITIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4 SECTION 3: METHODS OF SIGNALING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5 SECTION 4: GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6 SECTION 5: FLAG SIGNALING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9 SECTION 6: FLASHING LIGHT SIGNALING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .11 SECTION 7: SOUND SIGNALING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13 SECTION 8: RADIOTELEPHONY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .14 SECTION 9: SIGNALING BY HAND FLAGS OR ARMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 MORSE SIGNALING BY HAND FLAGS OR ARMS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15 SECTION 10: MORSE SYMBOLS—PHONETIC TABLES—PROCEDURE SIGNALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 MORSE SYMBOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17 PROCEDURE SIGNALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .20 SINGLE LETTER SIGNALS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22 SINGLE LETTER SIGNALS WITH COMPLEMENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23 SINGLE LETTER SIGNALS BETWEEN ICEBREAKER AND ASSISTED VESSELS . . . .24

CHAPTER 1SECTIONI:EXPLANATIONANDGENERALREMARKS1.ThepurposeoftheInternational CodeofSignals istoprovideways andmeansofcommunication in situationsrelated essen-tially to safety of navigation and persons, especially when language difficulties arise.In the preparation of the Code,accountwastakenof thefactthat wideapplicationof radiotelephonyand radiotelegraphy canprovidesimpleand effectivemeansofcommunication inplainlanguagewheneverlanguagedifficultiesdonotexist.2. The signals used consist of(a) Single-letter signals allocated to significations which are very urgent, important, or of very common use;(b)Two-lettersignalsforGeneral SignalCode,Chapter2,Pages29through104;(c) Three-letter signals beginning with “M"for Medical Signal Code, Chapter 3, pages 107 through 1353.The Codefollows the basic principle that each signal should have a complete meaningThis principle isfollowed throughouttheCode; incertaincasescomplementsareused,wherenecessarytosupplementtheavailablegroups4.Complements express:(a) Variations in the meaning of the basic signal.Examples:"Cp"="I am (or vessel indicated is) proceeding to your assistance.""CP1"=“SARaircraftiscomingtoyourassistance(b)QuestionsconcerningthesamebasicsubjectorbasicsignalExamples:"Dy""Vessel (name or identity signal)has sunk in lat... long....""DY4"="What is thedepth ofwater where vessel sank?"(c)Answerstoaquestionorrequestmadebythebasicsignal.Examples:"Hx"="Have you received any damage in collision?""Hx 1"="I have received serious damage above the waterline".(d) Supplementary,specific or detailed information.Examples:"IN" ="I require a diver""IN 1" ="I require a diver to clear propeller"5. Complements appearing in the text more than once have been grouped in three tables. These tables should be used only asand when specified in the text of the signals.6.Text in brackets indicates:(a) an alternative, e.g.."... (or survival craff)...";(b)informationwhichmaybetransmitted if itis required or if it is available,e.g.:"..(position tobe indicated ifnecessary)"(c)anexplanation ofthetext.7.The material is classified according to subject and meaning.Extensive cross referencing of the signals in the right-hand col-umn is used tofacilitate coding3

3 CHAPTER 1 SECTION 1: EXPLANATION AND GENERAL REMARKS 1. The purpose of the International Code of Signals is to provide ways and means of communication in situations related essen￾tially to safety of navigation and persons, especially when language difficulties arise. In the preparation of the Code, account was taken of the fact that wide application of radiotelephony and radiotelegraphy can provide simple and effective means of communication in plain language whenever language difficulties do not exist. 2. The signals used consist of: (a) Single-letter signals allocated to significations which are very urgent, important, or of very common use; (b) Two-letter signals for General Signal Code, Chapter 2, Pages 29 through 104; (c) Three-letter signals beginning with “M” for Medical Signal Code, Chapter 3, pages 107 through 135. 3. The Code follows the basic principle that each signal should have a complete meaning. This principle is followed throughout the Code; in certain cases complements are used, where necessary to supplement the available groups. 4. Complements express: (a) Variations in the meaning of the basic signal. Examples: “CP” = “I am (or vessel indicated is) proceeding to your assistance.” “CP 1” = “SAR aircraft is coming to your assistance.” (b) Questions concerning the same basic subject or basic signal. Examples: “DY” = “Vessel (name or identity signal) has sunk in lat . . . long. . . .”. “DY 4” = “What is the depth of water where vessel sank?” (c) Answers to a question or request made by the basic signal. Examples: “HX” = “Have you received any damage in collision?” “HX 1” = “I have received serious damage above the waterline”. (d) Supplementary, specific or detailed information. Examples: “IN” = “I require a diver”. “IN 1” = “I require a diver to clear propeller”. 5. Complements appearing in the text more than once have been grouped in three tables. These tables should be used only as and when specified in the text of the signals. 6. Text in brackets indicates: (a) an alternative, e.g.:“. . . (or survival craft). . .”; (b) information which may be transmitted if it is required or if it is available, e.g.: “. . . (position to be indicated if necessary)”; (c) an explanation of the text. 7. The material is classified according to subject and meaning. Extensive cross referencing of the signals in the right-hand col￾umn is used to facilitate coding

CHAPTER 1SECTION2:DEFINITIONSFor the purpose of this Code the following terms shall have the meanings defined belowVisual signaling is any method of communication, thetransmission of which is capable of being seenSound signaling is any method of passing Morse signals by means of siren, whistle, foghorn, bell, or other sound apparatus.Originator istheauthoritywhoorders a signal tobesentIdentity signal or call sign is the group of letters and figures assigned to each station by its administrationStation means a ship,aircraft,survival craff, or any place at which communications can beefected by any meansStation of origin is that station where the originator submits a signal for transmission, irrespective of the method of communicationemployed.Transmitting station is the station by which a signal is actually being madeAddressee istheauthoritytowhom a signal is addressed.Station of destination is that station inwhichthe signal is finally receivedbythe addresseeReceiving station is the stationby whicha signal is actuallybeingreadProcedure denotes the rules drawn up for the conduct of signalingProcedure signal is a signal designed to facilitate the conduct of signaling.(See Chapter 1, Section 10, Pages 17, 20, and 21.)Time of origin is the time at which a signal is ordered to be madeGroupdenotesmorethanonecontinuousletterand/ornumeralwhichtogethercomposeasignalA numeral group consists of one or more numerals.A hoist consists of one or more groups displayed from a single halyard.Ahoist or signal is said to be at the dip when it ishoisted about half of the full extent of the halyards. A hoist or signal is said to be close up when it is hoisted to the fullextentofthehalyards.Tackline is a lengthof halyard about 2m (6ft.)long,used to separateeachgroupof flags4

4 CHAPTER 1 SECTION 2: DEFINITIONS For the purpose of this Code the following terms shall have the meanings defined below: Visual signaling is any method of communication, the transmission of which is capable of being seen. Sound signaling is any method of passing Morse signals by means of siren, whistle, foghorn, bell, or other sound apparatus. Originator is the authority who orders a signal to be sent. Identity signal or call sign is the group of letters and figures assigned to each station by its administration. Station means a ship, aircraft, survival craft, or any place at which communications can be effected by any means. Station of origin is that station where the originator submits a signal for transmission, irrespective of the method of com￾munication employed. Transmitting station is the station by which a signal is actually being made. Addressee is the authority to whom a signal is addressed. Station of destination is that station in which the signal is finally received by the addressee. Receiving station is the station by which a signal is actually being read. Procedure denotes the rules drawn up for the conduct of signaling. Procedure signal is a signal designed to facilitate the conduct of signaling. (See Chapter 1, Section 10, Pages 17, 20, and 21.) Time of origin is the time at which a signal is ordered to be made. Group denotes more than one continuous letter and/or numeral which together compose a signal. A numeral group consists of one or more numerals. A hoist consists of one or more groups displayed from a single halyard. A hoist or signal is said to be at the dip when it is hoisted about half of the full extent of the halyards. A hoist or signal is said to be close up when it is hoisted to the full extent of the halyards. Tackline is a length of halyard about 2 m (6 ft.) long, used to separate each group of flags

CHAPTER 1SECTION3:METHODSOFSIGNALING1.Themethodsofsignalingwhichmaybeusedare(a)Flag signaling,the flags used being those shown inside the front cover.(b) Flashing light signaling, using the Morse symbols shown in Chapter 1, Section 10, Page 17.(c)Soundsignaling,usingtheMorsesymbolsshowninChapter1,Section10Page17.(d) Voice over a loud hailer.(e) Radiotelegraphy(f)Radiotelephony(g) Morse signalingby hand flags or armsFlag signaling2.A setofsignal flags consists oftwenty-six alphabeticalflags, ten numeral pennants,three substitutes, and the answering pen-nant.Detailed instructions for signaling byflags aregiven in Chapter 1, Section 5, Pages 9 and 10.Flashing light and sound signaling3.TheMorsesymbolsrepresentingletters,numerals,etc.,areexpressedbydotsanddasheswhicharesignaledeithersinglyorin combination.Thedots anddashes and spaces betweenthem should bemadetobear thefollowing ratio,oneto another,asregards their duration:(a) A dot is taken as the unit;(b) A dash is equivalent to three units;(c)Thespace of time between any two elements ofa symbol is equivalent to one unit, between two complete symbols it isequivalentto threeunits,and betweentwowords orgroups it is equivalentto seven units.4. In flashing light and sound signaling, while generally obeying the instructions laid down here, it is best to err on the side ofmaking thedots rather shorter in theirproportion to thedashes as it then makes the distinction between the elements plainerThestandard rate of signaling byflashing light is toberegarded as fortylettersper minute.Detailed instructions for signalingbyflashinglight and soundaregiven inChapter1, Sections 6and7,Pages 11 through13.Voice over a loud hailer5.Whenever possible plain language should be used but where a language difficulty exists groups from the International Codeof Signals couldbetransmittedusingthephonetic spellingtablesRadiotelegraphyandradiotelephony6.When radiotelegraphy or radiotelephony is usedfor the transmission ofsignals,operators shouldcomplywith the RadioRegulationsoftheInternationalTelecommunicationUniontheninforce.(SeeRadiotelephonyinChapter1,Section8Page14.)5

5 CHAPTER 1 SECTION 3: METHODS OF SIGNALING 1. The methods of signaling which may be used are: (a) Flag signaling, the flags used being those shown inside the front cover. (b) Flashing light signaling, using the Morse symbols shown in Chapter 1, Section 10, Page 17. (c) Sound signaling, using the Morse symbols shown in Chapter 1, Section 10 Page 17. (d) Voice over a loud hailer. (e) Radiotelegraphy. (f) Radiotelephony. (g) Morse signaling by hand flags or arms. Flag signaling 2. A set of signal flags consists of twenty-six alphabetical flags, ten numeral pennants, three substitutes, and the answering pen￾nant. Detailed instructions for signaling by flags are given in Chapter 1, Section 5, Pages 9 and 10. Flashing light and sound signaling 3. The Morse symbols representing letters, numerals, etc., are expressed by dots and dashes which are signaled either singly or in combination. The dots and dashes and spaces between them should be made to bear the following ratio, one to another, as regards their duration: (a) A dot is taken as the unit; (b) A dash is equivalent to three units; (c) The space of time between any two elements of a symbol is equivalent to one unit; between two complete symbols it is equivalent to three units; and between two words or groups it is equivalent to seven units. 4. In flashing light and sound signaling, while generally obeying the instructions laid down here, it is best to err on the side of making the dots rather shorter in their proportion to the dashes as it then makes the distinction between the elements plainer. The standard rate of signaling by flashing light is to be regarded as forty letters per minute. Detailed instructions for signaling by flashing light and sound are given in Chapter 1, Sections 6 and 7, Pages 11 through 13. Voice over a loud hailer 5. Whenever possible plain language should be used but where a language difficulty exists groups from the International Code of Signals could be transmitted using the phonetic spelling tables. Radiotelegraphy and radiotelephony 6. When radiotelegraphy or radiotelephony is used for the transmission of signals, operators should comply with the Radio Reg￾ulations of the International Telecommunication Union then in force. (See Radiotelephony in Chapter 1, Section 8, Page 14.)

CHAPTER 1SECTION4:GENERALINSTRUCTIONSOriginatorandaddresseeofmessage1.Unless otherwise indicated all signals between vessels aremadefrom the Master of thevessel oforigin to the Master of thevessel ofdestination.Identification of ships and aircraft2.Identity signals for ships and aircraft areallocated on an international basis.Theidentity signalmaytherefore indicate thenationality of a ship or aircraftUse of identity signals3.Identity signals may be used for two purposes:(a) to speak to, or call, a station;(b)tospeakof,orindicate,astationExamples."YP LABC" ="I wish to communicate with vessel LABC by .. ." (Complements Table 1, Chapter 2, Section 10, Page104).“HY 1 LABC" ="The vessel LABC with which I have been in collision has resumed her voyage"Names of vessels and/or places4.Namesofvesselsand/orplacesaretobespelledout.Example"RVGibraltar"="YoushouldproceedtoGibraltar"Howtosignal numbers5.Instructionsforsignalingnumbers(a) Numbers are to be signaled as follows:(i)Flag signaling:bythenumeralpennantsoftheCode(i)Flashing light or sound signaling:usuallyby the numerals in the Morse Code; they may also be spelled out.(ii)Radiotelephony or loud hailer:by the Code words of the Figure Spelling Table in Chapter 1, Section 10, Page19(b)Figures whichform part of the basic signification ofa signal are tobe sent together with the basicgroup.Examples:"DI20"=“I requireboatsfor20persons.""FJ2"=“Position ofaccident (or survival craft)ismarked bysea.marker"(c)Adecimal pointbetween numerals istobe signaled asfollows:(i)Flag signaling: by inserting the answering pennant where it is desired to express the decimal point.(i)Flashing light and sound signaling:by“"decimal point"signal"AAA"(ii)Voice:by use of theword“DECIMAL"as indicated in theFigure SpellingTable(d)Wherever the text allows depths, etc.,to be signaled in feet or in meters, the figures should be followed by"F" to indicatefeet or by"M"to indicate metersAzimuthor bearing6.They are to be expressed in threefigures denoting degrees from 000 to 359,measured clockwise.If there is any possibilityof confusion,theyshouldbepreceded bytheletter“ATheyarealwaystobetrueunless expresslystatedtobeotherwiseinthe context.Examples:"Lw 005"="I receive your transmission on bearing 005"“LTA120T1540"="Your bearing from me is120°at (local time)1540",6

6 CHAPTER 1 SECTION 4: GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Originator and addressee of message 1. Unless otherwise indicated all signals between vessels are made from the Master of the vessel of origin to the Master of the vessel of destination. Identification of ships and aircraft 2. Identity signals for ships and aircraft are allocated on an international basis. The identity signal may therefore indicate the nationality of a ship or aircraft. Use of identity signals 3. Identity signals may be used for two purposes: (a) to speak to, or call, a station; (b) to speak of, or indicate, a station. Examples: “YP LABC” = “I wish to communicate with vessel LABC by . . .” (Complements Table 1, Chapter 2, Section 10, Page 104). “HY 1 LABC” = “The vessel LABC with which I have been in collision has resumed her voyage”. Names of vessels and/or places 4. Names of vessels and/or places are to be spelled out. Example: “RV Gibraltar” = “You should proceed to Gibraltar”. How to signal numbers 5. Instructions for signaling numbers: (a) Numbers are to be signaled as follows: (i) Flag signaling: by the numeral pennants of the Code. (ii) Flashing light or sound signaling: usually by the numerals in the Morse Code; they may also be spelled out. (iii) Radiotelephony or loud hailer: by the Code words of the Figure Spelling Table in Chapter 1, Section 10, Page 19. (b) Figures which form part of the basic signification of a signal are to be sent together with the basic group. Examples: “DI 20” = “I require boats for 20 persons.” “FJ 2” = “Position of accident (or survival craft) is marked by sea marker”. (c) A decimal point between numerals is to be signaled as follows: (i) Flag signaling: by inserting the answering pennant where it is desired to express the decimal point. (ii) Flashing light and sound signaling: by “decimal point” signal “AAA”. (iii) Voice: by use of the word “DECIMAL” as indicated in the Figure Spelling Table. (d) Wherever the text allows depths, etc., to be signaled in feet or in meters, the figures should be followed by “F” to indicate feet or by “M” to indicate meters. Azimuth or bearing 6. They are to be expressed in three figures denoting degrees from 000 to 359, measured clockwise. If there is any possibility of confusion, they should be preceded by the letter “A”. They are always to be true unless expressly stated to be otherwise in the context. Examples: “LW 005” = “I receive your transmission on bearing 005˚”. “LT A120 T1540” = “Your bearing from me is 120˚ at (local time) 1540

SECTION4.GENERALINSTRUCTIONSCourse7.Course is tobeexpressedin threenumeralsdenotingdegreesfrom000 to359,measuredclockwise.If there isanypossibilityofconfusion,theyshould bepreceded by theletter"C",They arealways tobetrue unless expressly statedtobeotherwiseinthe context.Examples:"MD025"="My course is 025""GRC240 S18""Vessel coming to your rescue is steering course 240°, speed 18knots"Date8.Dates are to be signaledby two,four,or six numerals preceded by theletter"D"Thefirst two numerals indicate the day ofthemonth.When they are used alone theyrefertothecurrent month.Example:"D15"transmitted on the 15th or any other date in April means“15 April"The two numerals which follow indicatethemonth of theyear.Example:"D1504"means“15April"WherenecessarytheyearmaybeindicatedbytwofurthernumeralsExample:"D181063"means“18October1963"Latitude9.Latitude is expressed byfour figures preceded by the Letter“L",The first two figures denote thedegrees and the last twothe minutes. The letters "N" (North) or "s" (South) follow if they are needed; however, for reasons of simplicity they may beomitted ifthere is norisk of confusion.Example:"L3740s"=Latitude37°40's"Longitude10. Longitude is expressed by four or, if necessary,fivefigures preceded by the letter"G"Thefirst two (or three) figures de-note thedegrees and thelast two the minutes.When the longitude is more than 99,no confusion will normally arise ifthefigureindicatinghundredsof degreesis omitted.However,where it is necessarytoavoid confusion thefivefigures should beusedTheletters"E"(East)or"W"(West)followif they areneeded, otherwisetheymay beomitted, as in the case of latitudeExample:"G13925E"="Longitude 139°25'E"A signal requiring the indication of position to complete its signification should be signaled as follows:"CHL2537NG4015W"="Vessel indicated is reportedas requiring assistance inlat 25°37N,long40°15'W"Distance1l.Figures precededbytheletter"R”indicatedistanceinnautical milesExample:"0VA080R10"="Mine(s) is (are) believed tobe bearing 080°from me,distance10miles"The letter"Rmay be omitted if there is no possibility of confusion.Speed12. Speed is indicated by figures preceded by:(a.)theletter"s"todenote speed inknots, or(b.)theletter"v"todenote speed inkilometers perhour.7

7 SECTION 4.—GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS Course 7. Course is to be expressed in three numerals denoting degrees from 000 to 359, measured clockwise. If there is any possibility of confusion, they should be preceded by the letter “C”. They are always to be true unless expressly stated to be otherwise in the context. Examples: “MD 025” = “My course is 025˚”. “GR C240 S18” = “Vessel coming to your rescue is steering course 240˚, speed 18 knots”. Date 8. Dates are to be signaled by two, four, or six numerals preceded by the letter “D”. The first two numerals indicate the day of the month. When they are used alone they refer to the current month. Example: “D15” transmitted on the 15th or any other date in April means “15 April”. The two numerals which follow indicate the month of the year. Example: “D1504” means “15 April”. Where necessary the year may be indicated by two further numerals. Example: “D181063” means “18 October 1963”. Latitude 9. Latitude is expressed by four figures preceded by the Letter “L”. The first two figures denote the degrees and the last two the minutes. The letters “N” (North) or “S” (South) follow if they are needed; however, for reasons of simplicity they may be omitted if there is no risk of confusion. Example: “L3740S” = “Latitude 37˚40'S”. Longitude 10. Longitude is expressed by four or, if necessary, five figures preceded by the letter “G”. The first two (or three) figures de￾note the degrees and the last two the minutes. When the longitude is more than 99˚, no confusion will normally arise if the figure indicating hundreds of degrees is omitted. However, where it is necessary to avoid confusion the five figures should be used. The letters “E” (East) or “W” (West) follow if they are needed, otherwise they may be omitted, as in the case of latitude. Example: “G13925E” = “Longitude 139˚25' E”. A signal requiring the indication of position to complete its signification should be signaled as follows: “CH L2537N G4015W” = “Vessel indicated is reported as requiring assistance in lat 25˚37' N, long 40˚15' W”. Distance 11. Figures preceded by the letter “R” indicate distance in nautical miles. Example: “OV A080 R10” = “Mine(s) is (are) believed to be bearing 080˚ from me, distance 10 miles”. The letter “R” may be omitted if there is no possibility of confusion. Speed 12. Speed is indicated by figures preceded by: (a.) the letter “S” to denote speed in knots, or (b.) the letter “V” to denote speed in kilometers per hour