Appendix B Preparation of Test Specimens and Panels In this appendix,specimen geometries will be summarized and suggestions for geometries and dimensions of panels for the various tests discussed in Chapters 5-14 will be presented.Note that there are many ways in which the panels could be designed.The dimensions of the panels herein should be appropriate for a laboratory-size autoclave.Dimensions of each and every test specimen and panel will not be specified.Rather,the examples provided here can be adapted to,or easily modified for,preparation of those types of specimens that are not specifically included here. The illustrations that follow detail the specimen geometries and dimen- sions and show suggested panel lay-ups and dimensions(in millimeters). The lay-ups shown for the delamination beam specimens are all unidirectional [0]2 laminates that should be appropriate for carbon/epoxy composites. Ductile-matrix composites or composites with lower modulus fibers require thicker specimens (more plies).The delamination fracture specimens (Chapter 14)incorporate a thin film at the laminate midplane to define an initial delamination.Panels for delamination testing should therefore contain an even number of plies and be manufactured with a nonadhesive Teflon or Kapton film at the laminate midplane.The film thickness should be less than 13 um,and the film may be sprayed with a mold-release agent before it is inserted between the plies.The insert length should extend an appropriate distance from the front edge of the specimen to achieve the correct precrack length,as illustrated in the figures that follow.It is difficult to detect the thin insert film when viewed from the edge of a cut specimen.Therefore,the area covered by the insert should carefully be marked on the panel before the specimens are cut. ©2003 by CRC Press LLC
Appendix B Preparation of Test Specimens and Panels In this appendix, specimen geometries will be summarized and suggestions for geometries and dimensions of panels for the various tests discussed in Chapters 5–14 will be presented. Note that there are many ways in which the panels could be designed. The dimensions of the panels herein should be appropriate for a laboratory-size autoclave. Dimensions of each and every test specimen and panel will not be specified. Rather, the examples provided here can be adapted to, or easily modified for, preparation of those types of specimens that are not specifically included here. The illustrations that follow detail the specimen geometries and dimensions and show suggested panel lay-ups and dimensions (in millimeters). The lay-ups shown for the delamination beam specimens are all unidirectional [0]24 laminates that should be appropriate for carbon/epoxy composites. Ductile-matrix composites or composites with lower modulus fibers require thicker specimens (more plies). The delamination fracture specimens (Chapter 14) incorporate a thin film at the laminate midplane to define an initial delamination. Panels for delamination testing should therefore contain an even number of plies and be manufactured with a nonadhesive Teflon or Kapton film at the laminate midplane. The film thickness should be less than 13 µm, and the film may be sprayed with a mold-release agent before it is inserted between the plies. The insert length should extend an appropriate distance from the front edge of the specimen to achieve the correct precrack length, as illustrated in the figures that follow. It is difficult to detect the thin insert film when viewed from the edge of a cut specimen. Therefore, the area covered by the insert should carefully be marked on the panel before the specimens are cut. TX001_AppB_Frame Page 215 Saturday, September 21, 2002 5:12 AM © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
0 13 90° 90° 25 0° 13 25 0° 90 250 13 25 175 140 80 [o6 [I90116 [0120 [90132 190132 Shear or Combined Loading End Loading LAMINA TENSION LAMINA COMPRESSION FIGURE B.1 FIGURE B.2 Specimen geometries,dimensions (milli- Specimen geometries,dimensions (milli- meters),and lay-ups for lamina tension meters),and lay-ups for lamina compres- experiment. sion experiment. -45° 45 25 0° ↑90 ↑90 12.7 dia,6 holes 12.7 dia,9 holes 250 76.2 136 152 0 152 O 76.2 [O] [t45s [0]20,[9020or[0/90]ln(n=5)[0l20,【902oorI0/90ln=5) losipescu Tension-Shear Two-Rail Shear Three-Rail Shear FIGURE B.3 Specimen geometries,dimensions(millimeters),and lay-ups for lamina shear experiment. ©2003 by CRC Press LLC
FIGURE B.1 Specimen geometries, dimensions (millimeters), and lay-ups for lamina tension experiment. FIGURE B.2 Specimen geometries, dimensions (millimeters), and lay-ups for lamina compression experiment. FIGURE B.3 Specimen geometries, dimensions (millimeters), and lay-ups for lamina shear experiment. TX001_AppB_Frame Page 216 Saturday, September 21, 2002 5:12 AM © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
13-25 0 90° 13 250 /0 150 100 50 [O]e [9030 s [O]a LAMINA LAMINA LAMINA FLEXURE OFF-AXIS THERMOELASTIC FIGURE B.4 Specimen geometries,dimensions(millimeters),and lay-ups for lamina flexure,lamina off-axis, and lamina thermoelastic experiments. X 305 O 25 *6.4dia. 76 LAMINATE OPEN NORTHROP HOLE TENSION OPEN-HOLE COMPRESSION [0,/90,/t45 FIGURE B.5 Specimen geometries and dimensions (millimeters)for laminate open-hole tension and com- pression experiments. ©2O03 by CRC Press LLC
FIGURE B.4 Specimen geometries, dimensions (millimeters), and lay-ups for lamina flexure, lamina off-axis, and lamina thermoelastic experiments. FIGURE B.5 Specimen geometries and dimensions (millimeters) for laminate open-hole tension and compression experiments. TX001_AppB_Frame Page 217 Saturday, September 21, 2002 5:12 AM © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
+0° 10° 20-25 0 Hinge Hinge bonding bonding 20-25 area area 12.5-25 20-25 Insert area 4● 65 12.5-25 25 50 35 165 Insert area 25 120 Insert area M [024 [Ol24 [0l24 DCB ENF MMB FIGURE B.6 Geometries,dimensions(millimeters),and lay-ups for DCB,ENF,and MMB specimens. ◆0 个0 4一38→ Insert area 15-30Insert area 50 450 90 83 457N 140 [0]24 [90/仕45)m/年45)n/901s 4ENF (n=2or3) ECT FIGURE B.7 Geometries,dimensions(millimeters),and lay-ups for 4ENF and ECT specimens. ©2003 by CRC Press LLC
FIGURE B.6 Geometries, dimensions (millimeters), and lay-ups for DCB, ENF, and MMB specimens. FIGURE B.7 Geometries, dimensions (millimeters), and lay-ups for 4ENF and ECT specimens. TX001_AppB_Frame Page 218 Saturday, September 21, 2002 5:12 AM © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
40° Trim=25mm 490 Trim=25mm 305 225 -200- 305 Lamina Tension,[0] Lamina Tension,[90]1s FIGURE B.8 Suggested panel dimensions(millimeters)for 0 and 90 lamina tension experiment. 09 90 Trim=25mm 190 200 -305- [O]20 [901a Lamina Compression:Shear and Combined Loading FIGURE B.9 Suggested panel dimensions(millimeters)for lamina compression experiment(shear and combined loading). ©2003 by CRC Press LLC
FIGURE B.8 Suggested panel dimensions (millimeters) for 0° and 90° lamina tension experiment. FIGURE B.9 Suggested panel dimensions (millimeters) for lamina compression experiment (shear and combined loading). TX001_AppB_Frame Page 219 Saturday, September 21, 2002 5:12 AM © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
90 0 Trim25mm 60 200 -305- Iole [9032 Lamina Compression:End Loading FIGURE B.10 Suggested panel dimensions(millimeters)for lamina compression experiment(end loading). 45 45 Trim÷25mm 0. Trim 25mm 305 125 -240 -305 Tension Shear,[45]2s losipescu Shear,[ FIGURE B.11 Suggested panel dimensions(millimeters)for Iosipescu and tensile shear experiments. ©2003 by CRC Press LLC
FIGURE B.10 Suggested panel dimensions (millimeters) for lamina compression experiment (end loading). FIGURE B.11 Suggested panel dimensions (millimeters) for Iosipescu and tensile shear experiments. TX001_AppB_Frame Page 220 Saturday, September 21, 2002 5:12 AM © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
↑90 ↑90 Trim~25mm 200 325 350 350 Two-Rail Shear Three-Rail Shear [012o,[90]20or[0/901me(n=5) [02o,[90]20or[0/90]ns(n=5) FIGURE B.12 Suggested panel dimensions(millimeters)for two-rail and three-rail shear experiments. Trim年25mm ↑0or90 50 200 Lamina Flexure,[0]sor [90]s FIGURE B.13 Suggested panel dimensions(millimeters)for lamina flexure experiment. ©2003 by CRC Press LLC
FIGURE B.12 Suggested panel dimensions (millimeters) for two-rail and three-rail shear experiments. FIGURE B.13 Suggested panel dimensions (millimeters) for lamina flexure experiment. TX001_AppB_Frame Page 221 Saturday, September 21, 2002 5:12 AM © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
305 305 Lamina Off-Axis,[l8 FIGURE B.14 Suggested panel dimensions(millimeters)for lamina off-axis experiment. Trim=25mm 200 200 Lamina and Laminate Thermoelastic and Fiber Volume Fraction FIGURE B.15 Suggested panel dimensions(millimeters)for lamina and laminate thermoelastic and fiber volume fraction experiments. ©2003 by CRC Press LLC
FIGURE B.14 Suggested panel dimensions (millimeters) for lamina off-axis experiment. FIGURE B.15 Suggested panel dimensions (millimeters) for lamina and laminate thermoelastic and fiber volume fraction experiments. 8 TX001_AppB_Frame Page 222 Saturday, September 21, 2002 5:12 AM © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
Trim~25mm 10 180 355 Trim~25mm 200 305 Northrop Open Hole Laminate Open Hole Tension and Compression [0/90/生45lns FIGURE B.16 Suggested panel dimensions(millimeters)for laminate and Northrop open-hole experiments. Insert Region Trim &25mm 50+ hinge length 180 -305- DCB,[02 FIGURE B.17 Suggested panel dimensions(millimeters)for DCB specimen.Insert film should be placed at midplane. ©2003 by CRC Press LLC
FIGURE B.16 Suggested panel dimensions (millimeters) for laminate and Northrop open-hole experiments. FIGURE B.17 Suggested panel dimensions (millimeters) for DCB specimen. Insert film should be placed at midplane. TX001_AppB_Frame Page 223 Saturday, September 21, 2002 5:12 AM © 2003 by CRC Press LLC
0° Insert Region Trime25mm 35 170 305 ENF,[O]24 FIGURE B.18 Suggested panel dimensions(millimeters)for ENF specimen.Insert film should be placed at midplane. Insert Region Trim 25mm 65 215 -305 MMB,[0]24 FIGURE B.19 Suggested panel dimensions(millimeters)for MMB specimen.Insert film should be placed at midplane. ©2003 by CRC Press LLC
FIGURE B.18 Suggested panel dimensions (millimeters) for ENF specimen. Insert film should be placed at midplane. FIGURE B.19 Suggested panel dimensions (millimeters) for MMB specimen. Insert film should be placed at midplane. TX001_AppB_Frame Page 224 Saturday, September 21, 2002 5:12 AM © 2003 by CRC Press LLC