6/15/2021MobileCommunicationSystemsPartIProf.TarikTalebSchool ofElectrical EngineeringAalto UniversityTarikTALEB2021Content.MobileNetworkArchitecturesEvolution- MN Arch. Evolution: 2G to 3G4G-EvolvedPacketSystemSessionsTand Il.CoreNWArchitecture&components:Protocols:5GNetworkarchitecture4Gto5GMigration-5GArchitecture:Components&Interfaces-5GMechanisms:SubsetSessions Il and IV-Network Slicing:NetworkFunction Virtualization:SoftwareDefined Networking-Network Selection·SoftwareDefinedNetworking-Motivation&BasicsSessions IV, V,andDEMOS (todoonyourown)VIEvolved RAN:LTE,LTE-Advanced and L@TarkRreoz121
6/15/2021 1 Prof. Tarik Taleb School of Electrical Engineering Aalto University © Tarik TALEB 2021 Mobile Communication Systems Part I Content © Tarik TALEB 2021 • Mobile Network Architectures Evolution – MN Arch. Evolution: 2G to 3G – 4G – Evolved Packet System • Core NW Architecture & components • Protocols • 5G Network architecture – 4G to 5G Migration – 5G Architecture: Components & Interfaces – 5G Mechanisms: Subset – Network Slicing • Network Function Virtualization • Software Defined Networking – Network Selection • Software Defined Networking – Motivation & Basics – DEMOS (to do on your own) • Evolved RAN: LTE, LTE-Advanced and LTE-Advanced Pro Sessions I and II Sessions II and IV Sessions IV, V, and VI 1 2
6/15/2021Important Highlights.In-class exercises summing up the main recap.Reading Materials-Materialsfor4Gand5G-BasicsvsAdvanced.More advanced reading materials-Ninewhitepaperson6GTarik TALEB2021mScheduleTue15.June.2119:00-21:25Teaching Session116.June.21Wed19:00-21:25TeachingSession217.June.21Thu19:00-21:25TeachingSession3Sat19.June.2115:40-18:20TeachingSession4Sat19.June.2119:00-21:25TeachingSession5Session6Sun20.June.2115:40-18:20Labwork@ Tarik TALEB 202142
6/15/2021 2 Important Highlights © Tarik TALEB 2021 • In-class exercises summing up the main recap • Reading Materials – Materials for 4G and 5G – Basics vs Advanced • More advanced reading materials – Nine white papers on 6G Schedule © Tarik TALEB 2016 © Tarik TALEB 2021 15.June.21 Tue 19:00-21:25 Teaching Session 1 16.June.21 Wed 19:00-21:25 Teaching Session 2 17.June.21 Thu 19:00-21:25 Teaching Session 3 19. June.21 Sat 15:40-18:20 Teaching Session 4 19. June.21 Sat 19:00-21:25 Teaching Session 5 20. June.21 Sun 15:40-18:20 Session 6 Lab work 3 4
6/15/2021Learning Outcome:Understandingthemigrationscenariosfrom2G/3Gto4Gand5G.FactualknowledgeofEPC,LTE/LTE-Advancedand5GarchitectureFamiliaritywithlatestdevelopmentsinNFV,SDNandNetworkSlicing/SoftwarizationWiththereadingmaterials-Developmentofskillsforresearch- Development of technical writing skillsTarik TALEB2021MobileCoreNetworkSystemsProf.TarikTalebSchoolofElectrical EngineeringAaltoUniversity@Tarlk TALEB202163
6/15/2021 3 Learning Outcome © Tarik TALEB 2021 • Understanding the migration scenarios from 2G/3G to 4G and 5G • Factual knowledge of EPC, LTE/LTE-Advanced and 5G architecture • Familiarity with latest developments in NFV, SDN and Network Slicing/Softwarization • With the reading materials – Development of skills for research – Development of technical writing skills Prof. Tarik Taleb School of Electrical Engineering Aalto University Mobile Core Network Systems © Tarik TALEB 2021 5 6
6/15/2021Mobile Generations...WCDMAGSM.IS-136AMPS, NMT,LTEcdma2000PDC.IS-95TACS~2010~1980~1990~2000Thefoundation of Mobile telephony The foundation ofFurtherenhancedmobiletelephonyforeveryonemobilebroadbandmobilebroadband"IMT-2000""IMT-Advanced"动Tarik TALEB20217WhyMobileCommunicationsSystems?https:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=rP6Fifu42Qk@TarikTALEB202180A
6/15/2021 4 Mobile Generations . © Tarik TALEB 2021 1G 2G 3G 4G ~1980 ~1990 ~2000 ~2010 AMPS, NMT, TACS GSM, IS-136, PDC, IS-95 WCDMA cdma2000 LTE The foundation of mobile telephony Mobile telephony for everyone The foundation of mobile broadband Further enhanced mobile broadband “IMT-2000” “IMT-Advanced” Why Mobile Communications Systems? © Tarik TALEB 2021 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rP6Flfu42Qk 7 8
6/15/2021Migration Scenarios from 2G/3G to 5G?Interesting commercialsof themain services ofeachtechnology-1G-1960s (B&W)：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jw07Qr-090U-2G-GSMADVERTISING：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=130Oo5vlWNWw-3G-iPhone3GSAd:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AciggYci7Ss-4G/LTE-SimplyBoosted:https:/www.youtube.com/watch?v=kf-nAPW4lrw5GasperceivedinJapan：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IDJC_yJTXlc-Huawei5G：https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UzMuoDCEIl@TarikTALEB20219MobileNetworkArchitectureEvolution105
6/15/2021 5 Migration Scenarios from 2G/3G to 5G? © Tarik TALEB 2021 Interesting commercials of the main services of each technology – 1G- 1960s (B&W) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jwO7Qr-O9OU – 2G- GSM ADVERTISING • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l3Oo5vlWNWw – 3G- iPhone 3GS Ad • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AcigqYci7Ss – 4G/LTE - Simply Boosted • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kf-nAPW4Irw – 5G as perceived in Japan • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDJC_yJTXIc – Huawei 5G • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UzMu0DCElII Mobile Network Architecture Evolution 9 10
6/15/2021Major Standards Developing OrganizationsDeveloping internetprotocolspecsDevelopingRecommendationsReferring to specsITU-R/T3GPRDeveloping Mobileapplication specsDeveloping WirelessCrossreferenceInputLAN/MANspecsomaofspecsspecsINITIATIVECLOBAIVIEEEMRPRequirementsReferring to 3GPPspecsCross referenceGSE(contributed byTerminal certificationCDCofspecsindividual members)WIFIbasedon3GPPspecsPartnersof 3GPPngmnTerminalReferring to 3GPP specsCertificationfor the local specsWIMAXOGCFOrganisational PartnersChinaEUJapanKorea(North AmericaETSLCatisARIBTICETTACCSA@Tarik TALEB2021113GPp TSG StructureProject Coordination Group(PCG)TSGSATSGCTTSGRANTSGGERAN(Service and System(CoreNetworkand(UTRA,E-UTRA)(GSM Edge,RAN)Terminals)Aspects)WG1:RadioWG1:RadioL1SpecWG1:ServicesWG1:MM/CC/SM (lu)AspectsWG2:RadioL2SpecandWG2:ProtocolWG3:Interworking withL3RRSpecWG2:ArchitectureAspectsexternalnetworksWG3:lub spec,lurspec,WG3:Terminalluspec,UTRANO&MWG3: SecurityWG4:MAP/GTP/BCH/SSTestingWG4:Radiorformance,ProtocolWG6:SmartCardWG4:CodecAspectsApplicationAspectsWG5: Mobile Terminal.ConformanceTestingWG5:TelecomManagementWP6:Mission CriticalApps@TarikTALEB2021126
6/15/2021 6 Developing internet protocol specs ITU-R/T Developing Mobile application specs Organisational Partners Referring to 3GPP specs (contributed by individual members) Partners of 3GPP Referring to 3GPP specs for the local specs Referring to specs Cross reference of specs Developing Wireless LAN/MAN specs Requirements Input specs EU Japan Korea China North America MRP Developing Recommendations Terminal Certification Terminal certification based on 3GPP specs Cross reference of specs Major Standards Developing Organizations 11 © Tarik TALEB 2021 3GPP TSG Structure Project Coordination Group (PCG) TSG GERAN (GSM Edge, RAN) WG1: Radio Aspects WG2: Protocol Aspects WG3: Terminal Testing TSG RAN (UTRA, E-UTRA) WG1: Radio L1 Spec WG2: Radio L2 Spec and L3 RR Spec WG3: Iub spec, Iur spec, Iu spec, UTRAN O&M WG4: Radio Performance, Protocol Aspects WG5: Mobile Terminal, Conformance Testing TSG SA (Service and System Aspects) WG1: Services WG2: Architecture WG3: Security WG4: Codec WG5: Telecom Management WP6: Mission Critical Apps TSG CT (Core Network and Terminals) WG1: MM/CC/SM (Iu) WG3: Interworking with external networks WG4: MAP/GTP/BCH/SS WG6: Smart Card Application Aspects © Tarik TALEB 2021 11 12
6/15/20213GPPAccessEvolution3GorUMTS2GorGSM/CSBuiltonWCDMAVoicecommunication.Highpeakdatarates:2Mbpsnarrowband,real-time,circuitswitchedExtended by HSDPA (Rel. 5), HSUPA.WAPorHSCSDasextensionsto(Rel. 6), and HSPA+ (Rel. 7)enabledatacommunicationsbutIMSas servicecontrollayerforPSlimitedsuccesscore network4G2.5G(GPRS/PS,EnhancedDataRates0forGSMEvolutionEDGE)-Long Term Evolution (LTE)-LTE-Advanced-AddingPacketServicesTheoretical data rates up to 384 Kbps-Not"always-on"IP connectivity:5GIP address is assigned only when.5G SBA"PDP context" is established for data-5GNRtransmissionTarik TALEB202113Releaseof3GPPSpecificationsLTE-AdvancedDL:1GbpsLTEUP:0.5GbpsDL:0.3GbpsUP:75MbpsHSPA+HSDPAHSUPADL:28MbpSDL:14.4MbpsDL:14.4MbpsUP:11MbpsUMTSUP:384KbpsUP:5.7Mbps2Mbps20021999200420072008--.-.-2011--UMTSLTE-HSDPAHSUPAHSPA+ILTEAdvanced(W-CDMA)+-SAERel99Rel5Rel6Rel7Rel8Rel10LectureW-CDMAWidebFocusRel9EDGEfor Global EvolutionEnhancedDataratesGPRS5ServiGSMGlobal SystemforNtionLTELongTennEvolutionHSUPAHigh Speed Uplink Packet AccessHSDPAHigh Speed DenlinkPacketAcces@TarikTALEB2021UMTSUniversalMobileT147
6/15/2021 7 3GPP Access Evolution • 2G or GSM/CS – Voice communication • narrowband, real-time, circuit switched – WAP or HSCSD as extensions to enable data communications but limited success • 3G or UMTS – Built on WCDMA • High peak data rates: 2Mbps • Extended by HSDPA (Rel. 5), HSUPA (Rel. 6), and HSPA+ (Rel. 7) IMS as service control layer for PS core network • 2.5G (GPRS/PS, Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution EDGE) – Adding Packet Services – Theoretical data rates up to 384 Kbps – Not “always-on” IP connectivity: • IP address is assigned only when “PDP context” is established for data transmission • 4G –Long Term Evolution (LTE) –LTE-Advanced © Tarik TALEB 2021 • 5G – 5G SBA – 5G NR Release of 3GPP Specifications W-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access EDGE Enhanced Data rates for Global Evolution GPRS General Packet Radio Service GSM Global System for Mobile Communications LTE Long Term Evolution HSUPA High Speed Uplink Packet Access HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System UMTS 2 Mbps HSDPA DL: 14.4 Mbps UP: 384 Kbps HSUPA DL: 14.4 Mbps UP: 5.7 Mbps HSPA+ DL: 28 Mbps UP: 11 Mbps UMTS (W-CDMA) HSDPA HSUPA HSPA+ LTE LTEAdvanced 1999 Rel 99 2002 Rel 5 2004 Rel 6 2007 Rel 7 2008 Rel 8 2011 Rel 10 Rel9 SAE Lecture Focus LTE DL: 0.3Gbps UP: 75Mbps LTEAdvanced DL: 1Gbps UP: 0.5Gbps © Tarik TALEB 2021 13 14
6/15/2021Nomenclature (1)Long Term EvolutionEvolvedUMTSRadioAccess(EUTRA)(Physicalandlinklayers)E-UTRANetwork(E-UTRAN)RadioNetwork'sFunctionsEvolvedPacketCoreSystemArchitectureTarik TALEB202115Nomenclature (2)Evolved3GPPSystemSystemArchitecture Evolution(SAE)EvolvedPacketSystem（EPS）EPS=EvolvedUTRAN+EvolvedPacketCore3G+,3.5G,4G,5G.etcAdvancedphasesofthesystemdesign.Marketingterms@TarikTALEB2021168
6/15/2021 8 Nomenclature (1) Long Term Evolution • Evolved UMTS Radio Access (EUTRA) (Physical and link layers) E-UTRA Network (E-UTRAN) • Radio Network’s Functions Evolved Packet Core • System Architecture © Tarik TALEB 2021 Nomenclature (2) EPS = Evolved UTRAN + Evolved Packet Core 3G+, 3.5G, 4G, 5G,etc • Advanced phases of the system design • Marketing terms Evolved 3GPP System System Architecture Evolution (SAE) Evolved Packet System (EPS) © Tarik TALEB 2021 15 16
6/15/2021Legacy 3GPP Networks17GSM 2G ArchitectureSS7ISUPMAP/IS41 (overTCAP)PSDNSMS-SCSS7IAMACTMSeGMSC2G M5PSTN.ISRoutingInfoPLMNVLRSubscriber's loCation?IncaseofroamingHLRGERAN GSMEDGE Radio AccesEIRANetworkNSSNetwork Sub-SystemTMSC Mobile-serviceSwitching ControllerPLMNPutMohBSC BaseStation ControllePSDNVLR Visitor Location RegistePubllc Switched Data NetworkMS Mobile StatiorPSTNPublic SwitchedTelephone NetworkHLR Home Lotion RegistetPSPONPacket Switched Public Data NetworlAuC AuthennticationServerCSPDNCircult Switched Public Data NetworkGMSC GatewayMSCISDNIntegratedServices Digital NetworkEIR Equipment identity Register@TarikTALEB2021189
6/15/2021 9 Legacy 3GPP Networks GSM 2G Architecture PSDN SS7 PLMN MSC GMSC SMS-SC AuC PSTN, ISDN Um BSC Abis A EIR E PSTN B D VLR HLR C H GERAN GSM EDGE Radio Access Network NSS Network Sub-System BTS Base Transceiver Station BSC Base Station Controller MS Mobile Station MSC Mobile-service Switching Controller VLR Visitor Location Register HLR Home Location Register AuC Authentication Server GMSC Gateway MSC EIR Equipment Identity Register PLMN Public Land Mobile Network PSDN Public Switched Data Network PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PSPDN Packet Switched Public Data Network CSPDN Circuit Switched Public Data Network ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network Subscriber’s location? Routing Info IAM SS7 ISUP MAP/IS41 (over TCAP) In case of roaming 2G MS BTS © Tarik TALEB 2021 17 18
6/15/2021Circuit SwitchPacket SwitchvsReservedbandwidthShared bandwidth.TimebasedbillingTraffic based billing.FixedaccesstimeVariable access times.Suitabletoreal-timeapplicationsIdeal for"data"traffic:Lowerbitrates(14.4kbps)Higher bit rates (up to 170 kpbs)：Inefficientuseofresources2.5 G(GPRS)GPRSGeneralPacketRadio ServiceTarik TALEB202119GPRSArchitectureSS7PSTNMSCGMSCBSC2.5GMPLMN2CVLRPacketDataProtocoHLRGs(PDP) context:HSS1)PDP typeAuC2)PDP address (for MS)EIR3)Requested QoSGryG4)GGSNaddressIP/SGSN1- Packet routing1-Interfaces to extemal PDNsfrom/toMS/GGSN2-Translation between PDP2-Mobility managementcontext and GSM adds3-Authentication3-AuthenticationGPRS G4-Billing4-BillingSGSN ServingGPRSSupportNodeGGSN GatrayGPRS SupportNodeHSSHomeSubscriberServePCRRPolicy Charging & Rules Function@TarikTALEB20212010
6/15/2021 10 Circuit Switch • Reserved bandwidth • Time based billing • Fixed access time • Suitable to real-time applications • Lower bit rates (14.4 kbps) • Inefficient use of resources vs Packet Switch • Shared bandwidth • Traffic based billing • Variable access times • Ideal for “data” traffic • Higher bit rates (up to 170 kpbs) 2.5 G (GPRS) GPRS General Packet Radio Service © Tarik TALEB 2021 SS7 IP SGSN GGSN PSDN Gi Gn Gb Gc Gr Gs PCRF Gx Rx GPRS Architecture PLMN MSC GMSC AuC PSTN, ISDN Um BSC Abis A EIR E PSTN B D VLR HLR/ HSS C H SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node HSS Home Subscriber Server PCRF Policy Charging & Rules Function GPRS General Packet Radio Service 1- Interfaces to external PDNs 2- Translation between PDP context and GSM adds 3- Authentication 4- Billing 1- Packet routing from/to MS/GGSN 2- Mobility management 3- Authentication 4- Billing 2.5G MS BTS Packet Data Protocol (PDP) context: 1) PDP type 2) PDP address (for MS) 3) Requested QoS 4) GGSN address © Tarik TALEB 2021 19 20