6/16/2021PartIl:5GNWArchitecture,4G/5GCo-operationModels&NwW SelectionProf.Tarik TalebCwc,OuluUniversitySchoolof Electrical Engineering,Aalto UniversityTarikTALEB2021-OutlinePartIl.1-5GArchitecture:EvolutionvsRevolution?-4Gto5GMigration-5GArchitecture:Components&InterfacesPart Il.2-5GMechanisms:Subset-4G/5GCooperation:SAvsNSA-NetworkSlicing-NetworkSelectionMainReferences:3GPP Technical Specifications 23.4013GPPTechnicalSpecifications23.501@TarikTALEB202121
6/16/2021 1 Prof. Tarik Taleb CWC, Oulu University School of Electrical Engineering, Aalto University Part II: 5G NW Architecture, 4G/5G Co-operation Models & NW Selection © Tarik TALEB 2021 Outline Part II.1 – 5G Architecture: Evolution vs Revolution? – 4G to 5G Migration – 5G Architecture: Components & Interfaces Part II.2 – 5G Mechanisms: Subset – 4G/5G Cooperation: SA vs NSA – Network Slicing – Network Selection © Tarik TALEB 2021 Main References: • 3GPP Technical Specifications 23.401 • 3GPP Technical Specifications 23.501 1 2
6/16/20215G:Evolution vsRevolution3Requirements on 5GTraffic capaoityMobltyAchievable0009--iser data-ratesand[Mops]coverages-ispectrumandumNetworik andaddevicetexblityefliciencyLatengMassive nurnbeImsyof devices [8]Roliabiitcatior@TarikTALEB202142
6/16/2021 2 5G: Evolution vs Revolution Requirements on 5G . © Tarik TALEB 2021 3 4
6/16/2021Requirements on 5GHighdataratesVeryhightrafficeverywherecapacity@Tarik TALEB20215ITU-R IMT-2020Requirements - selectedparametersTheminimumrequirementsforeMBBpeakdatarateareasfollows:Downlinkpeakdatarateis20GbpsUplinkpeakdatarateis10GbpsTheminimumrequirementsforeMBBpeakspectralefficienciesareasfollowsDownlinkpeakspectralefficiencyis30bit/s/HzUplinkpeakspectralefficiencyis15bit/s/HzThetargetvalues fortheuserexperienceddatarateareas followsintheDenseUrban-eMBBtestenvironment:Downlinkuserexperienceddatarateis100MbpsUplinkuserexperienceddatarateis50Mbps@TarikTALEB202163
6/16/2021 3 Requirements on 5G . © Tarik TALEB 2021 •High data rates •everywhere •Very high traffic •capacity ITU-R IMT-2020 Requirements – selected parameters © Tarik TALEB 2021 ▐ The minimum requirements for eMBB peak data rate are as follows: ⚫ Downlink peak data rate is 20Gbps ⚫ Uplink peak data rate is 10Gbps ▐ The minimum requirements for eMBB peak spectral efficiencies are as follows: ⚫ Downlink peak spectral efficiency is 30 bit/s/Hz ⚫ Uplink peak spectral efficiency is 15 bit/s/Hz ▐ The target values for the user experienced data rate are as follows in the Dense Urban – eMBB test environment: ⚫ Downlink user experienced data rate is 100Mbps ⚫ Uplink user experienced data rate is 50Mbps 5 6
6/16/2021Requirements on 5GHighdataratesVeryhightrafficeverywherecapacityUltra-highMassivenumberofreliability&securitydevices@TarikTALEB20217ITU-R IMT-2020 Requirements - selectedparametersTheminimumrequirementformMTC connectiondensityis1.000.000devicesperkm2@TarikTALEB202180A
6/16/2021 4 Requirements on 5G . © Tarik TALEB 2021 •High data rates •everywhere •Very high traffic •capacity •Massive number of •devices •Ultra-high •reliability & security ITU-R IMT-2020 Requirements – selected parameters © Tarik TALEB 2021 ▐ The minimum requirement for mMTC connection density is 1,000,000 devices per km2 7 8
6/16/2021Requirements on5GHigh data ratesVery hightrafficeverywherecapacityMassivenumberofUltra-highdevicesreliability&securityVerylowdeviceVerylowdevicecostenergyconsumptionVerylowlatency@Tarik TALEB20219Latency matters ..."Beingfast reallymatters..Half a seconddelay caused a20%drop intrafficanditkilledusersatisfaction"MarissaMayer@Web2.0"....a400milliseconddelayresultedina-0.59%changeinservers/usenGooglewould lose8millionsearchesperday...Googlewould serveupmanymillionsfeweronlineadvertsJakeBrutlag.GoogleSearch"...forAmazonevery1o0msincreaseinloadtimesdecreasedsaleswith 1%"Andy King,book author"...when50%of trafficwasredirectedtoouredgespreliminaryresultsshoweda5.9%increaseinclick-thruratesAndy Lientz, BingEdge@Tarik TALEB2021105
6/16/2021 5 Requirements on 5G . © Tarik TALEB 2021 •High data rates •everywhere •Very high traffic •capacity •Massive number of •devices •Ultra-high •reliability & security •Very low device •energy consumption •Very low device •cost •Very low latency Latency matters . © Tarik TALEB 2021 “Being fast really matters . Half a second delay caused a 20% drop in traffic and it killed user satisfaction” Marissa Mayer @ Web 2.0 “. a 400 millisecond delay resulted in a -0.59% change in servers/user . Google would lose 8 million searches per day . Google would serve up many millions fewer online adverts” Jake Brutlag, Google Search “. for Amazon every 100 ms increase in load times decreased sales with 1%” Andy King, book author “.when 50% of traffic was redirected to our edges preliminary results showed a 5.9% increase in click-thru rates” Andy Lientz, BingEdge 9 10
6/16/2021Is there a latency problem?Tracerouteto209.85.225.99(oneoftheServerIPsofwww.google.comExpt1:SmartphoneviaWiFiExpt2:SmartphoneviacellularWiFi>209.85.225.993G>209.85.225.99(3002853m82253654D412z6a86822520419Z12238A112678a012G-12112E181363(215230.4156597416212.141330214220299852259529028611hopsNocontrol onhowpacketsarerouted!EET25hopsTarik TALEB202111Current MobileOperatorNWArchNetworkServiceInfrastructure(e.g)InfrastructureMobilityAnchor)(e.g.As,ContentServers/Caches)GWNetworkresourceandprocessingbottieneck@TarikTALEB2021126
6/16/2021 6 Is there a latency problem? © Tarik TALEB 2021 Expt 1: Smartphone via WiFi WiFi → 209.85.225.99 Expt 2: Smartphone via cellular 3G → 209.85.225.99 Traceroute to 209.85.225.99 (one of the Server IPs of www.google.com 11 hops 25 hops No control on how packets are routed! Current Mobile Operator NW Arch. eNB eNB eNB Service Infrastructure (e.g. AS, Content Servers/Caches) Network Infrastructure (e.g. Mobility Anchor) DSL/Cable Modem IP Edge Node Home GW Network resource and processing bottleneck © Tarik TALEB 2021 11 12
6/16/20215GLatency Requirements-Industry TargetsNGMN5G Requirements5G E2E Latency (eMBB)=10ms (i.e.RTTfrom UE-Application-UE)5GE2ELatency(URLLC)=-1ms(i.e,RTTfromUE-Application-UE-orjustUE-UE)Inbothcases,thevaluesaredefinedas capabilitiesthatshouldbesupported bythe5G SystemGSMA5GRequirements5G E2E Latency= 1ms (again, defined as a capability target, not as a universal requirement).ITU-RIMT-2020RequirementseMBBUserPlane Latency (one-way)=4ms [radionetwork contribution]URLLC User Plane Latency (one-way)=1ms [radio network contribution]Control PlaneLatency=20ms (10mstarget)[UEtransition from IdletoActivevianetwork].Low Latency Use Case Requirements (various sources)VirtualReality&AugmentedReality:7-12msTactileInternet (e.g.Remote Surgery,Remote Diagnosis, Remote Sales):
6/16/2021 7 5G Latency Requirements – Industry Targets © Tarik TALEB 2021 Requirements on 5G . © Tarik TALEB 2021 More than just bigger and better mobile broadband A platform on which any wireless application can be implemented From Ericsson 13 14
6/16/2021Requirements on 5GSupportVerticalMarkets:Automotive电energy,foodand agriculture,healthcare,etc.THEMOBILE ECONOMY回%目Voice,SMS&Social Media, APPsBig data, lot,DigitalSocieties.MultimediaIPMessagesMobileCommerceSharing EconomySmartCitAccelerate the ServicedeliverytoallinvolvedstakeholdersCloudInterohTarikTALEB2021155G: Key Challengesx1000datavolume/geographicalareax1olowerenergyconsumptionVeryshortservicecreationtimecycle(i.e.inminutes)IVery short latencyVerydensedeploymentsofwirelesslinksScalable&CognitivemanagementframeworkforfastdeploymentOPEX reductionwithmorethan20%oftodayMulti domainvirtualised networks andservicesCompletenetworkconvergence(fixed,backhaulsatellite)@TarikTALEB2021168
6/16/2021 8 Requirements on 5G © Tarik TALEB 2021 ▐ Support Vertical Markets: Automotive, energy, food and agriculture, healthcare, etc. ▐ Accelerate the Service delivery to all involved stakeholders Video Integrated Everywhere Smart Cities Augmented Reality Cloud Services Internet of Things Smartphone APPs Car-to-X 5G: Key Challenges © Tarik TALEB 2021 ▐ x1000 data volume / geographical area ▐ x10 lower energy consumption ▐ Very short service creation time cycle (i.e. in minutes) ▐ Very short latency ▐ Very dense deployments of wireless links ▐ Scalable & Cognitive management framework for fast deployment ▐ OPEX reduction with more than 20% of today ▐ Multi domain virtualised networks and services ▐ Complete network convergence (fixed, backhaul, satellite) 15 16
6/16/2021Towards an Innovative 5G Mobile SystemEdge/FogComputingCloudNFV, SDN, AIComputingFlexible,elastic,OPEx-efficienmobilesystemconvergingallheterogeneousaccesstechsof5Gsysystems,withcognitivemanagementcapabilityand sustainingveryshortE2ElatencyFixedFixedSmallCellSmall CellSat-beamSmall-cellMacro-cellSmall CellMacro-cellPrivateBHPrivate BHMacroBHFixed BHFixed BHSat BHMacro/Sat BHTarik TALEB202117Cost efficiency: why?$TrafficRapid traffic growthatatraffic-VideoserviceFxed#ofusersBalanceCloud sevice,etGlobalprofitechargedisruptionsaturationEBITDAMar!Revenuegrowth24,31436.9%36.4%slow-downRevenueSaturationofofusensNotOuaitvocPreeBit-cost reductionBit-costAlmostsameat10G/40G?Not improveby100G20102009LowAverageRevenueperUservstrafficgrowthCisco,"Operator'snetworkdataandanalysts",200820182019"TheMobileEconomy2017",GSMA@TarikTALEB2021189
6/16/2021 9 Towards an Innovative 5G Mobile System © Tarik TALEB 2021 Flexible, elastic, OPEX-efficient mobile system converging all heterogeneous access techs of 5G systems, with cognitive management capability and sustaining very short E2E latency Cloud Computing NFV, SDN, AI Edge/Fog Computing Cost efficiency: why? © Tarik TALEB 2021 “The Mobile Economy 2017”, GSMA Cisco, “Operator’s network data and analysts”, 2008 Low Average Revenue per User vs traffic growth 17 18
6/16/2021Cost efficiency:why?DevelopedAsiaPacific mobilecarrier'endofprofit$35.0 Revenue per GBTotal CostperGB$30.0$25.0mountingcash$20.0pressure$15.0$10.0$5.0$0.0201020112012201320142015TtellabsEnd of profitMOSAIC LAB 2020195GFeaturesCostEfficiencyAgilityElasticityFlexibilityRapidity...@TarikTALEB20212010
6/16/2021 10 Cost efficiency: why? © MOSA!C LAB 2020 5G Features © Tarik TALEB 2021 •Cost Efficiency •Agility •Elasticity •Flexibility •Rapidity •. 19 20