美国麻省理工大学：《航空系统的估计与控制》课程教学资源（讲义）Handout 20：Phase Plane analysis：

Handout 20: Phase Plane analysis: Introduction Eric feron April 28, 2004 State space equations of second-order systems

Handout 20: Phase Plane analysis: Introduction Eric Feron April 28, 2004 State space equations of second-order systems 1

The phase plane E ample

The phase plane Example 2

Drawing Phase-plane trjectories Isoclines example

Drawing Phase-plane trjectories Isoclines example 3

Trajectory orientation Trajectory speed

Trajectory orientation Trajectory speed 4

Trajectory timing

Trajectory timing 5