Chapter s Operating System Key points日 Function and structure of Operating System Difficult points Resource allocation and related functions User interface functions
Chapter 5 Operating System 计算机专业英语 5-2 Key points: Function and structure of Operating System Difficult points: Resource allocation and related functions User interface functions
Chapter s Operating System Requirements: 1.了解操作系统是如何实现资源分配和用户接口 功能的。 2.通过学习操作系统功能的演化,认识操作系统 在实现过程中采用的基本概念与技术,了解操作系 统设计中的概念。 3.认识操作系统的结构,了解当前常见操作系统的 特点 4.掌握被动语态的翻译技巧。 《什第机专出美语 5-3
Chapter 5 Operating System 计算机专业英语 5-3 Requirements: 1. 了解操作系统是如何实现资源分配和用户接口 功能的。 2. 通过学习操作系统功能的演化，认识操作系统 在实现过程中采用的基本概念与技术，了解操作系 统设计中的概念。 3. 认识操作系统的结构，了解当前常见操作系统的 特点 4. 掌握被动语态的翻译技巧
Chapter s Operating System 5.1 OS Function New Words expressions: Os( Operating System)操作系统 binding n.捆绑 mutual interference相互干扰 interface n界面,接口 facilitate vt推动,帮助,促进 allocation n.分配,安置 constraint n约束,强制,局促 criteria n标准 embody vt.具体表达,使具体化 entry n.条目,登录 privilege r.特权;vt给与…特权 partition vt.分区 approach n.方法,途径 a priori预先,事前 perceive v.感知,感到,认识到 preemption n抢占 suboptimal adj未达最佳标准的 entrust v.委托 sequential adj.顺序的,串行的 exclusive use专用 concurrent adj.并发的,并行的 de- allocate vt.释放 scheduling n调度 alient features特征,特色 initiate vt.vi.开始,发动 计算机专些英语 54
Chapter 5 Operating System 计算机专业英语 5-4 New Words& Expressions: OS (Operating System) 操作系统 binding n. 捆绑 mutual interference 相互干扰 interface n.界面，接口 facilitate vt. 推动, 帮助，促进 allocation n.分配, 安置 constraint n.约束, 强制, 局促 criteria n.标准 embody vt.具体表达, 使具体化 entry n. 条目，登录 privilege n.特权；vt.给与...特权 partition vt.分区 approach n. 方法, 途径 a priori 预先,事前 perceive v.感知, 感到, 认识到 preemption n.抢占 suboptimal adj.未达最佳标准的 entrust v.委托 sequential adj. 顺序的,串行的 exclusive use 专用 concurrent adj.并发的, 并行的 de-allocate vt. 释放 scheduling n.调度 salient features 特征, 特色 initiate vt. vi. 开始, 发动 5.1 OS Function
Chapter s Operating System 5.1 OS Function OS functions can be classified into Resource allocation and related functions User interface functions The resource allocation function implements resource sharing by the users of a computer system. Basically, it performs binding of a set of resources with a requesting program, that is, it associates resources with a program. The related functions implement protection of users sharing a set of resources against mutual interference. 操作系统的功能可分为: 1.资源分配及相关功能。 2.用户接口功能 资源分配功能负责实现计算机系统的用户共享资源。它主要将资源和提出需求的 程序绑定在一起即使资源和程序相关联。与之相关的一些功能实现不同用户在共 享资源时的保护,以免发生相互干扰 第机关 5-5
Chapter 5 Operating System 计算机专业英语 5-5 OS functions can be classified into •Resource allocation and related functions •User interface functions. The resource allocation function implements resource sharing by the users of a computer system. Basically, it performs binding of a set of resources with a requesting program, that is, it associates resources with a program. The related functions implement protection of users sharing a set of resources against mutual interference. 操作系统的功能可分为: 1. 资源分配及相关功能。 2. 用户接口功能 资源分配功能负责实现计算机系统的用户共享资源。它主要将资源和提出需求的 程序绑定在一起,即使资源和程序相关联。与之相关的一些功能实现不同用户在共 享资源时的保护，以免发生相互干扰。 5.1 OS Function
Chapter s Operating System 5.1 OS Function The user interface function facilitates creation and use of appropriate computational structures by a user. This function typically involves the use of a command language or a menu 用户接口功帮助用户创立并使用适当的计算结构,这一功能 通常涉及命令、语言或菜单的应用。 《什第机专出美语 5-6
Chapter 5 Operating System 计算机专业英语 5-6 The user interface function facilitates creation and use of appropriate computational structures by a user. This function typically involves the use of a command language or a menu. 用户接口功帮助用户创立并使用适当的计算结构，这一功能 通常涉及命令、语言或菜单的应用。 5.1 OS Function
Chapter s Operating System 5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions The resource allocation function allocates resources for use by a user's computation. Resources can be divided into system provided resources like CPUS, memory areas and lo devices, or user-created resources like files which are entrusted to the os 资源分配功能分配资源供用户计算使用。资源可分为系统提供 的资源(如CPU、存储器区域及ⅣO设备群)和用户创建的资 源(如由操作系统管理的文件等)。 《什第机专出美语 >5-7
Chapter 5 Operating System 计算机专业英语 5-7 The resource allocation function allocates resources for use by a user's computation. Resources can be divided into system provided resources like CPUs, memory areas and IO devices, or user-created resources like files which are entrusted to the OS. 资源分配功能分配资源供用户计算使用。资源可分为系统提供 的资源（如CPU、存储器区域及I/O设备群）和用户创建的资 源（如由操作系统管理的文件等）。 5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions
Chapter s Operating System 5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions Resource allocation criteria depend on whether a resource is a system resource or a user-created resource. Allocation of system resources is driven by considerations of efficiency of resource utilization. Allocation of user-created resources is based on a set of constraints specified by its creator and typically embodies the notion of access privileges 资源分配的标准根据资源的分类确定,系统资源的分配要考虑 资源利用的效率,而用户创立资源的分配则基于该资源的创立 者所设定的特种限制,比如访问权限。 《什第机专出美语 5-8
Chapter 5 Operating System 计算机专业英语 5-8 Resource allocation criteria depend on whether a resource is a system resource or a user-created resource. Allocation of system resources is driven by considerations of efficiency of resource utilization. Allocation of user-created resources is based on a set of constraints specified by its creator and typically embodies the notion of access privileges. 资源分配的标准根据资源的分类确定，系统资源的分配要考虑 资源利用的效率，而用户创立资源的分配则基于该资源的创立 者所设定的特种限制，比如访问权限。 5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions
Chapter s Operating System 5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions Two popular strategies for resource allocation are: Partitioning of resources Allocation from a pool 资源分配通常采取以下两种策略; 1.资源分区 2.从资源池中分配。 《什第机专出美语 5-9
Chapter 5 Operating System 计算机专业英语 5-9 Two popular strategies for resource allocation are: • Partitioning of resources • Allocation from a pool 资源分配通常采取以下两种策略； 1. 资源分区。 2. 从资源池中分配。 5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions
Chapter s Operating System 5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions In the resource partitioning approach, the os decides a priori what resources should be allocated to a user computation. This approach is called static allocation because the allocation is made before the execution of a program starts. Static resource allocation is simple to implement, however, it could lead to suboptimal utilization because the allocation is made on the basis of perceived needs of a program, rather than its actual needs 在资源分区方式中,操作系统预先决定把哪些资源分配给某个 用户计算使用,这种方法也称为静态分配,因为分配是在程序 执行前进行的。静态资源分配易于实现,但由于它不是从程序 的实际需要出发,而是根据程序预先提出的需求来做决定,所 以容易导致系统利用率下降。 5-10
Chapter 5 Operating System 计算机专业英语 5-10 In the resource partitioning approach, the OS decides a priori what resources should be allocated to a user computation. This approach is called static allocation because the allocation is made before the execution of a program starts. Static resource allocation is simple to implement, however, it could lead to suboptimal utilization because the allocation is made on the basis of perceived needs of a program, rather than its actual needs. 在资源分区方式中，操作系统预先决定把哪些资源分配给某个 用户计算使用，这种方法也称为静态分配，因为分配是在程序 执行前进行的。静态资源分配易于实现，但由于它不是从程序 的实际需要出发，而是根据程序预先提出的需求来做决定，所 以容易导致系统利用率下降。 5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions
Chapter s Operating System 5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions In the latter approach, the Os maintains a common pool of resources and allocates from this pool on a need basis. Thus, OS considers allocation of a resource when a program raises a request for a resource. This approach is called dynamic allocation because the allocation takes place during the execution of a program. Dynamic resource allocation can lead to better utilization of resources because the allocation is made when a program requests a resource. 在后一种分配方式中,操作系统维护一个公共资源池,并按照 程序的需要对资源进行分配。这样,OS只在程序提出对一个资 源的需求时才进行资源分配,这种方式也称为动态分配,因为 分配是在程序执行的过程中进行的。动态存储分配的资源利用 率较高,因为它是在程序需要资源时才进行分配
Chapter 5 Operating System 计算机专业英语 5-11 In the latter approach, the OS maintains a common pool of resources and allocates from this pool on a need basis. Thus, OS considers allocation of a resource when a program raises a request for a resource. This approach is called dynamic allocation because the allocation takes place during the execution of a program. Dynamic resource allocation can lead to better utilization of resources because the allocation is made when a program requests a resource. 在后一种分配方式中，操作系统维护一个公共资源池，并按照 程序的需要对资源进行分配。这样，OS只在程序提出对一个资 源的需求时才进行资源分配，这种方式也称为动态分配，因为 分配是在程序执行的过程中进行的。动态存储分配的资源利用 率较高，因为它是在程序需要资源时才进行分配。 5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions