第五章习题解 1)解:①冷凝器真空度为90kPa 绝对压强:1013-90=.3kP该压强下二次蒸汽温度Tx=47.3℃ 加热蒸汽绝压300kPa,对应温度T=1333℃C 查NaOH溶液杜林图,50%NaOH溶液在11.3kPa下沸点84℃ 84-47.3=36.7℃ Pn=P+81=113+÷×1500×9.81×2=26.0kPa 63.9℃ t=63.9-47.3=166℃ 取△=1℃ △=△+△"+△"=367+166+1=543℃ t=T+△=47.3+54.3=101.6℃ M=T-t=133.3-1016=31.7℃ ②冷凝器真空度为30kPa,绝压101.3-30=71.3kPa,对应二次蒸汽温度 Tk=90.3℃查50%NaOH溶液在71.3kPa下沸点131℃ △=131-90.3=407℃ pn=p+pg1=71.3+×1500×9.81×2=86kPa 查t=951℃ A"=951-90.3=4.8℃ △=△+△"+△"=40.7+48+1=465℃ t=T+△=90.3+465=1368>T=133.3℃ 所以传热无法进行。 2)解:加热蒸汽绝压:101.3+196=297.3kPa 查得T=133℃,y=2196J/kg 水溶液103℃,汽比热2251J/kg,按y′=2251J/kg 原料液比热取
第五章习题解 1) 解: ①冷凝器真空度为 90kPa 绝对压强:101.3-90=11.3kPa,该压强下二次蒸汽温度 TK = 47.3 ℃ 加热蒸汽绝压 300kPa,对应温度 T=133.3℃ 查 NaOH 溶液杜林图,50%NaOH 溶液在 11.3kPa 下沸点 84℃ 84 47.3 36.7 ' = − = ℃ 1500 9.81 2 26.0 2 1 11.3 2 1 pm = p + gl = + = kPa 查 t pm = 63.9 ℃ = t pm − t p = 63.9 − 47.3 =16.6 ℃ 取 =1 ℃ = + + = 36.7 +16.6+1= 54.3 ℃ t = TK + = 47.3+ 54.3 =101.6 ℃ t =T −t =133.3−101.6 = 31.7 ℃ ②冷凝器真空度为 30kPa,绝压 101.3-30=71.3kPa,对应二次蒸汽温度 TK = 90.3 ℃ 查 50%NaOH 溶液在 71.3kPa 下沸点 131℃ =131−90.3 = 40.7 ℃ pm p gl 1500 9.81 2 86kPa 2 1 71.3 2 1 = + = + = 查 t pm = 95.1 ℃ = 95.1−90.3 = 4.8 ℃ = + + = 40.7 + 4.8+1= 46.5 ℃ t = TK + = 90.3+ 46.5 =136.8 T =133.3 ℃ 所以传热无法进行。 2)解:加热蒸汽绝压:101.3+196=297.3kPa 查得 T=133℃, = 2196kJ / kg 水溶液 103℃, 汽比热 2251 kJ / kg,按 = 2251kJ / kg 原料液比热取
Q=Ks(T-t)=wy+FC o(t-to) KS(T-t)-FCo(, -to) 930×50×(133-103)×3600/1000-2700×390×(103-15) 2251 =1.820×103kg/h Fx。2700×007 =21.5% 2700-1820 KS(T-t)930×50×(133-103) 2169 103kg 3)冷凝器内二次蒸汽绝对压强101.3-79=223kPa 查T=616℃,y=2350Jkg =T+A=616+8=696℃ W=F(1--)=1000×(1-)=5714kg/h X, Q=KS(T-4) t1 5714×2350 1000 69.6+ 3600 930×10 查该温度饱和蒸汽压强P=143kPa
( ) ( ) 0 1 0 Q KS T t w FC t t p = − = + − kg h KS T t FC t t w p 1.820 10 / 2251 930 50 (133 103) 3600/1000 2700 3.90 (103 15) ( ) ( ) 3 0 1 0 = − − − = − − − = kg h KS T t D F w Fx x 2.32 10 / 2169 ( ) 930 50 (133 103) 21.5% 2700 1820 2700 0.07 3 0 = − = − = = − = − = 3) 冷凝器内二次蒸汽绝对压强 101.3-79=22.3kPa 查 T = 61.6 ℃, = 2350kJ / kg t 1 = T + = 61.6 +8 = 69.6 ℃ 930 10 1000 3600 571.4 2350 69.6 ( ) ) 571.4 / 0.35 0.15 (1 ) 1000 (1 1 1 1 0 = + = + = − = = − = − = KS w T t Q KS T t w kg h x x w F =109.7℃ 查该温度饱和蒸汽压强 P=143kPa
4)①计算各效蒸发量、各效溶液浓度、温度差损失、有效传热温度差 W=F(1-)=22700×(1-02)=18160kg/h 并流加料,设:W:W2=1:1.1:1.2,则 18160=5503kg/h W2=×18160=6053kg/h W3=×18160=6604kg/h F 22700×0.1 =0.132 F-W22700-5503 22700×0.1 0.204 F-W-W222700-5503-6053 0.50 查△1=6℃A"=0△"=1℃ 查△2=1 查△3=38℃3=0 ∑△=△+△2+△3=(6+1)+(12+1)+38=58℃ 加热蒸汽压强500kPa查T=152℃ 末效二次蒸汽压强14kPa查T3=52℃ ∑M=(T-7)-∑△=152-52-58=42℃ ②估算各效有效温度差及各效二次蒸汽温度、溶液温度 1/K 2840 8.1℃ 2840 K1K2K3284017001135 1700 13.6℃ 284017001135
4)①计算各效蒸发量、各效溶液浓度、温度差损失、有效传热温度差 kg h x x W F ) 18160 / 0.5 0.1 (1 ) 22700 (1 3 0 = − = − = 并流加料,设 : : 1:1.1:1.2, W W1 W2 = 则 0.50 0.204 22700 5503 6053 22700 0.1 0.132, 22700 5503 22700 0.1 3 1 2 0 2 1 0 1 = = − − = − − = = − = − = x F W W Fx x F W Fx x 查 1 =6℃ 1 =0 1 =1 ℃ 查 2 =12℃ 2 =0 2 =1℃ 查 3 =38℃ 3 =0 / = 1 + 2 + 3 = (6+1) + (12+1) +38 = 58 ℃ 加热蒸汽压强 500kPa,查 T1 =152 ℃ 末效二次蒸汽压强 14kPa,查 T3 = 52 ℃ t = (T1 −T3 ) − =152−52−58 = 42 ℃ ②估算各效有效温度差及各效二次蒸汽温度、溶液温度 8.1 2840 549 1135 1 1700 1 2840 1 2840 1 1 1 1 1/ 1 2 3 1 = = + + = + + = K K K K t i ℃ 13.6 1135 1 1700 1 2840 1 1700 1 2 = + + t = ℃ W kg h W kg h W kg h 18160 6604 / 3.3 1.2 18160 6053 / 3.3 1.1 18160 5503 / 3.3 1 3 2 1 = = = = = =
△3=42-8.1-13.6=20.3℃ t1=T1-△2=152-8.1=1439℃ T=1-△1=1439-6-1=1369℃ T2=1369 t2=72-△2=1369-136=123.3℃ T2=T2-△2=1233-12-1=110.3℃ T,=1103℃ t3=73-M3=1103-20.3=90℃ T3=t3-Δ3=90-38=52℃ ③热量衡算: FC,(0-1) W,=D 22700×4.19×(40-143.9) 2326 D-4249 (1) W=n (F-W)C。(t1-12) =×(22700-W)×419×(1439-1233) +(20031 三0.9 y2 W1-W2)C,(t2-t3) W3=W2 2+(22700-W1-W2)×4.19×(1233-90) W2+(22700-18160+W3)×00600 即0.94W2=W,+272 (3) 取(1)、(2)、(3)和W1+W2+W=18160解得 D1=9649kg/h,W1=5400kg/h W2=6042kg/h,W=6718kg/h
t 3 = 42−8.1−13.6 = 20.3 ℃ 则 T1 =152 ℃ t 1 = T1 − t 2 =152−8.1=143.9 ℃ T1 = t 1 − 1 =143.9 − 6 −1=136.9 ℃ T2 =136.9 ℃ t 2 = T2 − t 2 =136.9 −13.6 =123.3 ℃ T2 = T2 − 2 =123.3−12−1=110.3 ℃ T3 =110.3 ℃ t 3 = T3 − t 3 =110.3− 20.3 = 90 ℃ T3 = t 3 − 3 = 90−38 = 52 ℃ ③热量衡算: 即 ( ) ( ) () 0.94 272 3 (22700 18160 ) 0.0600 2326 (22700 ) 4.19 (123.3 90) ( ) ( ) 0.963 842 2 (22700 ) 0.0371 2326 (22700 ) 4.19 (143.9 123.3) ( ) ( ) 4249 1 2326 22700 4.19 (40 143.9) ( ) 3 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 3 3 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 = + = + − + − − − = + − − − + = = + = + − − − = + − − + = = − − = + − + = W W W W W W W F W W C t t W W W W W W W F W C t t W W D D FC t t W D p p i p 取(1)、(2)、(3)和 W1 +W2 +W3 =18160 解得 W kg h W kg h D kg h W kg h 6042 / 6718 / 9649 / 5400 / 3 4 1 1 = = = = , ,
④计算各效面积 9649×2326×1000 3600=271m K1△t1 2840×8.1 W 5400×2326×1000 3600 =15lm 1700×13.6 n 6042×2326×1000 =169m K3△t3 1135×20.3 各效面积不等,重新分配有效温度差 A1△t1+A2△t2+A34t3 △t 271×8.1+151×13.6+169×20.3 =183m 42 A1△t1271×8.1 120°C 183 A,△t,151×136 11.2 183 A3△t3169×20.3 18.8℃ 183 ⑤重算各效温度: T}=52℃ t3=T+△3=52+38=90℃ T3=t3+Mt3=90+18.8=1088℃ T2=1088℃ t2=T+△2=1088+12+1=1218℃ 12=t2+Mt2=1218+112=133℃ T=133℃ T=t1+M1=140+12=152℃
④计算各效面积: 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 169 1135 20.3 3600 1000 6042 2326 151 1700 13.6 3600 1000 5400 2326 271 2840 8.1 3600 1000 9649 2326 m K t W A m K t W A m K t D A = = = = = = = = = 各效面积不等,重新分配有效温度差: C A A t t m t A t A t A t A 1 1 0 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 3 12.0 183 271 8.1 183 42 271 8.1 151 13.6 169 20.3 = = = = + + = + + = 11.2 183 2 2 151 13.6 2 = = = A A t t ℃ 18.8 183 3 3 169 20.3 3 = = = A A t t ℃ ⑤重算各效温度: T3 = 52 ℃ t 3 = T3 + 3 = 52+ 38 = 90 ℃ T3 = t 3 + t 3 = 90+18.8 =108.8 ℃ T2 =108.8 ℃ t 2 = T2 + 2 =108.8+12+1=121.8 ℃ T2 = t 2 + t 2 =121.8+11.2 =133 ℃ T1 =133 ℃ t 1 = T1 + 1 =133+ 6 +1=140 ℃ T1 = t 1 + t 1 =140+12 =152 ℃
⑥重新热量衡算: W=D+ 22700×4.19×(40-140) 2326 D,-4089 (F-W)×C0(140-121.8) W2=W1 2326 0.967W,+744 W=W,+ (F-W1-W2)×4.19×(121.8-90) 326 W2+(22700-W1-W2)×0.057 W+w 解得 D=9551kg/h,W=5462kg/h W2=6026kg/h,W3=6672kg/h ⑦重算各效面积 9551×236=181m K1△t12840×12.0 2326 A 3.6 185.3 K,△ 1700×112 3y606×2326 182.5m2 K,△t 1135×18.8 相差不多,不再重算,取平均值: A=4+4+A,=1811+1853+1825=183m 5)解:
1 ⑥重新热量衡算: (22700 ) 0.057 2326 ( ) 4.19 (121.8 90) 0.967 744 2326 ( ) (140 121.8) 4089 2326 22700 4.19 (40 140) 2 1 2 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 0 = + − − − − − = + = + − − = + = − − = + W W W F W W W W W F W C W W D W D p 又 W1 +W2 +W3 =18160 解得: W kg h W kg h D kg h W kg h 6026 / , 6672 / 9551 / , 5462 / 2 3 1 = = = = ⑦重算各效面积: 2 3 3 2 3 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 182.5 1135 18.8 3.6 2326 6026 185.3 1700 11.2 3.6 2326 5462 181.1 2840 12.0 3.6 2326 9551 m K t W A m K t W A m K t D A = = = = = = = = = 相差不多,不再重算,取平均值: 1 2 3 2 183 3 181.1 185.3 182.5 3 m A A A A = + + = + + = 5)解: 2 3 4 D X4 X4 X3 X2
①F=14×1158=16212kg/h 0.25 W=F(1--)=16212×(1 0s)=8106kg/h 设W:W,:W:W4=1:1.1:1:1.1 W W=1930kg/h W=2123g/h W3=1930kg/h W4=2123kg/h 16212×025 0.396 F-W-W-W16212-1930-1930-2123 0.50 16212×0.25 =0.284 F-W16212-1930 Ex 16212×025 =0.333 F-W3-W416212-1930-2123 查图:x1=0.396→△=45℃ x2=0.50→△2=72℃ x3=0.284→△3=27℃ x,=0.333→△=3.1℃ A=4.5+72+2.7+3.1+1+1+1+1=21.5 (T1-7)∑ 加热蒸汽绝压:2026+1013=3039kPa,查71=1337℃ 冷凝器二次蒸汽绝压:1013-76=253kPa,查T=63.5℃ ∑M=1337-635-21.5=487℃ K1K2K3K481011011601280000374 K 810 0.00374 0.0037448.7=16.1℃
① F =141158=16212kg / h W kg h W kg h W W kg h W W kg h W W W W kg h x x W F 2123 / 1930 / 2123 / 4.2 1.1 1930 / 4.1 1 : : : 1:1.1:1:1.1 ) 8106 / 0.5 0.25 (1 ) 16212 (1 4 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 2 0 = = = = = = = = − = − = 设 0.333 16212 1930 2123 16212 0.25 0.284 16212 1930 16212 0.25 0.50 0.396 16212 1930 1930 2123 16212 0.25 3 4 0 4 3 0 3 2 1 4 3 0 1 = − − = − − = = − = − = = = − − − = − − − = F W W Fx x F W Fx x x F W W W Fx x 查图: x1 = 0.396→ 1 = 4.5 ℃ x2 = 0.50 → 2 = 7.2 ℃ x3 = 0.284→ 3 = 2.7 ℃ x4 = 0.333→ 4 = 3.1 ℃ = − − = + + + + + + + = ( ) 4.5 7.2 2.7 3.1 1 1 1 1 21.5 T1 T4 t 加热蒸汽绝压:202.6+101.3=303.9kPa, 查 T1 =133.7 ℃ 冷凝器二次蒸汽绝压:101.3-76=25.3kPa, 查 T4 = 63.5 ℃ t =133.7 −63.5− 21.5 = 48.7 ℃ ② 0.00374 1280 1 1160 1 1160 1 810 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 + + + = + + + = K K K K 48.7 16.1 0.00374 810 1 0.00374 1 1 1 = t = = K t ℃
t2=-100×487=112℃ 0.00374 △t,=11.2℃ 1280 48.7=10.2℃ 0.00374 T=133.7℃ t1=1334-16.1=1173℃ T=1173-45-1=112 T2=1121℃ t2=1121-112=1009℃ T=1009-7.2-1=92.7℃ T=927℃ t3=927-112=81.5 T}=81.5-2.7-1=778℃ T4=77.8℃ t=778-102=67.6℃ T=676-31-1=635℃ ④查汽化热:T=137℃→y1=2168kg g 2=92.7℃→y2 T=778℃→>y3=2311J/kg T=63.℃ 2347KJ/k
48.7 11.2 0.00374 1160 1 t 2 = = ℃ t 3 =11.2 ℃ 48.7 10.2 0.00374 1280 1 t 4 = = ℃ T1 =133.7 ℃ t 1 =133.4 −16.1=117.3 ℃ T1 =117.3− 4.5−1=112.1 ℃ T2 =112.1 ℃ t 2 =112.1−11.2 =100.9 ℃ T2 =100.9 − 7.2 −1= 92.7 ℃ T3 = 92.7 ℃ t 3 = 92.7 −11.2 = 81.5 ℃ T3 = 81.5− 2.7 −1= 77.8 ℃ T4 = 77.8 ℃ t 4 = 77.8−10.2 = 67.6 ℃ T4 = 67.6 −3.1−1= 63.5 ℃ ④ 查汽化热: T1 =133.7 ℃ → 1 = 2168kJ / kg T1 =112.1 ℃ → 1 = 2227kJ / kg T2 = 92.7 ℃ → 2 = 2277kJ / kg T3 = 77.8 ℃ → 3 = 2311kJ / kg T4 = 63.5 ℃ → 4 = 2347kJ / kg
W=D D 0.974D wsw yi+ (Cp-WiCmo-WiCpm-WA Cpm)1-12) .2236212×377-(W+2+1)×4.1931173-1009 0.9781+440-0.0302(W1+形3+W) 0.978W1+440-0.0302(8106-W2) 0.97W,=0.978W+195 W,=W= 2277 =0.985 2311 r,(FCpo-WgCpow )(3-44) Wx2311+16212×3:77=m×419)×(81-676 2347 2347 =0.96W+362 W2+W3=81 解得:D1=1857kg/hW=1809k/hW2=2025kg/h W3=1995kg/hW4=2277kg/h D 1857×2168/3.6 ⑤A1 =85.8m K,△t 810×16 A Wy11809×2227/3.6 86.1m2 K,△t 1160×11.2 4=22025×227/36 986m K,△t 1160×11.2 1995×2311/3.6 1280×10.2 去平均值 85.8+86.1+98.6+98.1 A =92m
2 2 4 3 3 2 2 1 1 2 1 1 3 4 1 2 4 1 2 1 3 4 1 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 0.985 2311 2277 0.97 0.978 195 0.978 440 0.0302(8106 ) 0.978 440 0.0302( ) 2277 [16212 3.77 ( ) 4.193](117.3 100.9) 2277 2227 ( )( ) 0.974 2227 2168 0 W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W W FC W C W C W C t t W W W D D D p p w p w p w = = = = + = + − − = + − + + − + + − = + − − − − + = = = = 0.96 362 2347 (16212 3.77 4.19) (81.5 67.6) 2347 2311 ( )( ) 3 3 3 4 3 3 4 4 3 4 3 0 = + − − = + − − + = W W W FC W C t t W W p p w 又 W1 +W2 +W3 = 8106 解得: D1 =1857kg / h W1 =1809kg / h W2 = 2025kg / h W3 =1995kg / h W4 = 2277kg / h ⑤ 2 1 1 1 1 1 85.8 810 16.1 1857 2168/ 3.6 m K t D A = = = 2 3 4 3 3 4 2 3 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 1 1 2 98.1 1280 10.2 1995 2311/ 3.6 98.6 1160 11.2 2025 2277/ 3.6 86.1 1160 11.2 1809 2227/ 3.6 m K t W A m K t W A m K t W A = = = = = = = = = 去平均值 2 92 4 85.8 86.1 98.6 98.1 A = m + + + =