Digestive System Introduction Prof. Ji yao Wang zhongshan hospital Fudan university Division of Gastroenterology
Digestive System Introduction Prof. Ji yao Wang
Common. Adults Saliva GERD: 79 Peptic ulcer: 10% Upper esophagealsphincte HP+:>50% FD:10% Lower esophageal IBS: 8%o Gastric cancer: 2nd Liver cancer: 3rd Gallbladder HBSAg+:10%(78%) CHB3500万 ylon Cirrhosis&HCC:100万 Pancreas IBD Carcinoma of colon Ileocecal valve Acute pancreatitis Carcinoma of pancreas Anal sphincters
Common, Adults GERD: 7% Peptic ulcer: 10% HP+: >50% FD:10% IBS: 8% Gastric cancer: 2nd Liver cancer:3rd HBsAg +: 10%(7.8%) CHB:3500万 Cirrhosis & HCC: 100万 IBD Carcinoma of colon Acute pancreatitis Carcinoma of pancreas
Structure and functions Assimilation of Lower nutrients Elimination of waste Pancrea Anal sphincters
Assimilation of nutrients Elimination of waste Structure and functions
Ingestion Structure and functions Mechanical digestion Ph pharynx Chewing(mouth) Esophagus Churning(stomach) The two activities Segmentation Propulsion (small intestine) Swallowing oropharynx) · Peristalsis under voluntary Chemical (esophagus, digestion stomach small intestine control are swallowing large intestine and defecation Stomach Absorption Small intestine Blood Large intestine 号 Mainly H2o Feces Defecation Anus
Structure and functions The two activities under voluntary control are swallowing and defecation
Characteristics of Digestive System Central Nervous System Many normal gi reflexes Central Autonomic Neural Network involve extrinsic vagus or Nodose DorsaLoot glia gangli splanchnic nerve (Sympathetic ganglia pathways. Nervous System Nervous System urase mpath gangla An active brain-gut axis Enteric Nervous System further alters function in (myenteric plexus, submucous plexus) regions Intermediate cells Effector Systems (musch, secretory epithe lium, endocrine cels, vasculature)
Characteristics of Digestive System Many normal GI reflexes involve extrinsic vagus or splanchnic nerve pathways. An active brain-gut axis further alters function in regions
Characteristics of Digestive System Immune organ Gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue, GALT) Follicle Inductive site Villi 敌/ Lamina propria Submuco uscle follicle (terminal Peyers patch
Immune organ Gastrointestinal-associated lymphoid tissue, (GALT) Characteristics of Digestive System
Characteristics of Digestive System Not only a digestive organ but also endocrine organ pancreas gastrin(胃泌素) glucagon(胰高糖素) somatostatin(生长抑素) VIP(血管活性肠肽) insulin(胰岛素)
• Not only a digestive organ but also endocrine organ pancreas gastrin (胃泌素) glucagon(胰高糖素) somatostatin( 生长抑素) VIP(血管活性肠肽) insulin(胰岛素) Characteristics of Digestive System
Structure /function and diseases The biggest organ Homeostasis Excretion Filter Hepatic Ducts LIVER Synthesis Defense Cystic Duct STOMACH Gallbladder LIVER Common Cirrhosis Bile Duct (Scarring and Nodule Formation) Small Intestine Pancreas (Duodenum Death)← symptoms SIgnS
Structure /function and diseases The biggest organ Homeostasis Synthesis Excretion Filter Defense symptoms signs Death
Common Lesions of Digestive System inflammation(炎症) e Ulcer(溃疡) ◆ bleeding出血) ◆ perforation(穿孔 ◆ neoplasm(肿瘤) o functional disturbances(功能失调)
inflammation(炎症) Ulcer (溃疡) bleeding(出血) perforation (穿孔) neoplasm (肿瘤) functional disturbances(功能失调 ) Common Lesions of Digestive System
Classification of Gl diseases Impaired Digestion and Absorption (Biliary obstruction, Chronic pancreatitis) Altered Secretion (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome duodenal ulcer Chronic pancreatitis) Altered ut Transit (Pylori/ bowel obstruction, Achalasia constipation, diarrhea)
Classification of GI Diseases • Impaired Digestion and Absorption (Biliary obstruction, Chronic pancreatitis) • Altered Secretion (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, duodenal ulcer, Chronic pancreatitis) • Altered Gut Transit (Pylori/bowel obstruction, Achalasia, constipation, diarrhea)