O1-- Bones and Articulations of trunk
01- Bones and Articulations of trunk
I. Arrangements of each laboratory course? teacher introduces the contents brieflystudents observe by yourselves teacher summarizes the main contents3
I. Arrangements of each laboratory course ① teacher introduces the contents briefly. ② students observe by yourselves. ③ teacher summarizes the main contents
Il. The regulations in the lab !1. All your attendance are required. No being lateand no quitting in the midway!2. The specimens must be treated with respect3.Improperbehavior can'tbetolerated:· make dirty jokes·take away parts of the body outside the lab·incorrectly use of the instruments should beavoided to secure the safety of the students!take aphotograph窗
II. The regulations in the lab！ 1. All your attendance are required. No being late and no quitting in the midway! 2. The specimens must be treated with respect ! 3. Improper behavior can’t be tolerated: • make dirty jokes • take away parts of the body outside the lab • incorrectly use of the instruments should be avoided to secure the safety of the students! • take a photograph
4. Everyone should do these as following(1) Keeping the lab clean & tidy(2) Wearing long white coat5. Do the duty when class is over
4. Everyone should do these as following: （1）Keeping the lab clean & tidy （2）Wearing long white coat 5. Do the duty when class is over
MaincontentsI . The bones of trunkII. The vertebral columnII. Thorax
Ⅰ. The bones of trunk Ⅱ. The vertebral column Ⅲ. Thorax Main contents
1. Bones of the trunk.VertebraeVertebral columnSternumThoraxPelvisRibs2. Bones of the skull3. Bones of the limbs
1. Bones of the trunk: Vertebrae Sternum Ribs Vertebral column Thorax Pelvis 2. Bones of the skull 3. Bones of the limbs
I . The bones of trunkI）Vertebrae（adult）Cervical v.CV1~CV7Thoracic v.TV1~TV12Lumbar vLV1~LV5SacrumS1 (5 sacral V. fused toform the sacrum,CoccyxCo1 (4 coccygeal V.fused to form the coccyx
Ⅰ. The bones of trunk Cervical v. CV1～CV7 Thoracic v. TV1～TV12 Lumbar v. LV1～LV5 Sacrum S1（5 sacral V. fused to form the sacrum） Coccyx Co1（4 coccygeal V. fused to form the coccyx） Ⅰ）Vertebrae（adult）
1. The generalfeatures ofthe vertebraePosterior (back). Vertebral body: Vertebral arch: pedicles & laminae: 7 processes project from the vertebral archbody-1spinousprocessAnterior (front)-2superior articularprocesses-2 inferior articular processes-2transverseprocesses3
1. The general features of the vertebrae • Vertebral body • Vertebral arch: pedicles & laminae - 1 spinous process ① - 2 superior articular processes ② - 2 inferior articular processes ③ - 2 transverse processes ④ • 7 processes project from the vertebral arch ① ③
. Vertebral foramen -Vertebral canal: lodges the spinal cord·Superior & Inferior vertebral notchIntervertebral foramen: lodges the roots of spinal N. ②Sup.vertebral notchInf.vertebralnotch2
• Superior & Inferior vertebral notch • Vertebral foramen ① Vertebral canal: lodges the spinal cord Intervertebral foramen: lodges the roots of spinal N. ② ① Sup. vertebral notch Inf. vertebral notch ②
2. The main characteristics of vertebrae in each region(1)The cervical V.?Body: small·Process:transverse foramenbifidspinous process.Vertebral foramen:triangularAtlasAxisAtlas: no body & no spineAxis: odontoid process (dens)7th CV: vertebra prominensVertebra prominens
2. The main characteristics of vertebrae in each region • Body: small • Process: ① transverse foramen ② bifid spinous process • Vertebral foramen: triangular （1） The cervical V. Atlas: no body & no spine Axis: odontoid process（dens） 7 th CV: vertebra prominens Atlas Axis Vertebra prominens