General Introduction toNervous System
General Introduction to Nervous System
Every minute of every day, your nervoussystem is sending and receiving countlessmessagesabout what is happening bothinside and around yourbodyGeorgeTroy
Every minute of every day, your nervous system is sending and receiving countless messages about what is happening both inside and around your body
In a very general sense, the NS can be thought of as having 3 essential roles:sensing, integrating, and respondingThecomponents of the NS responsible for carrying out those roles areThe sensory componentdetects changes that occur both outside and inside the bodyTheintegrativecomponentinterprets and processes the information that arrivesfrom the sensory componentThe motorcomponentcarries out changes based on the interpretation by theintegrative component of the nervous system
•In a very general sense, the NS can be thought of as having 3 essential roles: • The components of the NS responsible for carrying out those roles are: sensing, integrating, and responding. The sensory component The integrative component The motor component detects changes that occur both outside and inside the body. interprets and processes the information that arrives from the sensory component carries out changes based on the interpretation by the integrative component of the nervous system
The visualinformationisprocessedin the brainsuch that the boyunderstandsThe boy sees awhat a hamburger ishamburger sitting inandwhattodowith it.This is the integrationfront of him.stage.This is the sensorystage.After interpreting thesight of the hamburger,the brain sends signalsto muscles to pick thehamburgerup andeat it!This is the motor response
I. The function of nervous systemAs the most complex system, the nervous system serves asthe body control center and communications electricalchemical wiring network.As a key homeostatic regulatory and coordinating system, itdetects, interprets, and responds to changes in internal andexternal conditions
• As the most complex system, the nervous system serves as the body control center and communications electricalchemical wiring network. I. The function of nervous system • As a key homeostatic regulatory and coordinating system, it detects, interprets, and responds to changes in internal and external conditions
Il. The divisions of nervous systemStructural DivisionsStructurallydivisionPeripheralCentralCentral nervous system(CNS)Peripheral nervous system(PNS)Functional DivisionsAutonomicSomatic·Functionallydivision渝烟Somatic nervous systemSympathetic&Parasympathetic?"Restand Digest"Visceral nervous systemFightor Flight
•Structurally division Central nervous system(CNS) Peripheral nervous system(PNS) Somatic nervous system Visceral nervous system II. The divisions of nervous system •Functionally division
Notice:. There are autonomic and somaticcomponents of both the CNS and PNSNervous System: The CNS and PNS are both involvedin somatic and autonomic nervousStructuralFunctionalsystem processes.: It is important to recognize that theAutonomicCentral"divisions" of the NS exist for theX-个purposes of description, discussion andstudy. They are not actual divisions inSomaticPeripheralthe NS itself.Z. There is significant communicationbetween all parts of the NS, and thedifferent divisions of the NS are veryhighly interrelated
Notice: • There are autonomic and somatic components of both the CNS and PNS. • The CNS and PNS are both involved in somatic and autonomic nervous system processes. • It is important to recognize that the "divisions" of the NS exist for the purposes of description, discussion and study. They are not actual divisions in the NS itself. • There is significant communication between all parts of the NS, and the different divisions of the NS are very highly interrelated
i. Central nervoussystem (CNS)---responsibleforintegrating,processing,andcoordinatingsensorydataandmotorcommands.It's alsotheseatofhigherfunctions,suchasintelligence,memory,learning,andemotionCerebrumDiencephalonMidbrainBrainBrainstemPonsMedullaoblonaataCerebellumCNSSpinal cordM
i. Central nervous system (CNS) Brain Spinal cord CNS Cerebrum Brain stem Cerebellum Diencephalon Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata -responsible for integrating, processing, and coordinating sensory data and motor commands. It’s also the seat of higher functions, such as intelligence, memory , learning, and emotion
i.Peripheralnervoussystem(PNS)---responsible for delivering messages from the CNS to the periphery and fromthe peripheryto the CNS.Afferent divisionEfferent divisionBegins insidetheCNS;carriesBeginsatreceptors,bringssensory information to theCNSmotorcommandstoeffectorsSpinaln.(31pairs)anditsbranchesPNSCranial n.(12 pairs) and its branchesSomatic sensory n.Somatic n.Somatic motor nPNSVisceralsensory n.Visceral nSympathetic partVisceralmotorn.Parasympathetic part
ii. Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Visceral sensory n. Visceral motor n. Sympathetic part Parasympathetic part -responsible for delivering messages from the CNS to the periphery and from the periphery to the CNS. PNS Afferent division Efferent division Begins at receptors, brings sensory information to the CNS Begins inside the CNS; carries motor commands to effectors Spinal n.(31 pairs) and its branches Cranial n.(12 pairs) and its branches Somatic sensory n. Somatic motor n. Visceral n. Somatic n. PNS
ili.Thesomaticnervoussystem(voluntary nervous system)? enables humans to react consciously to environmental changes: includes 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves: controls movements of skeletal (voluntary) musclesiv.The autonomic nervous system(involuntarynervoussystem): maintains homeostasis. As its name implies, this system worksautomatically and without voluntary input.: includes receptors within viscera (internal organs), the afferentnerves that relay the information to the CNS, and the efferentnerves that relay the action back to the effectors. The effectors in this system are smooth muscle, cardiac muscleand glands, all structures that function without conscious control
iii.The somatic nervous system (voluntary nervous system) iv.The autonomic nervous system (involuntary nervous system) • enables humans to react consciously to environmental changes. • includes 31 pairs of spinal nerves and 12 pairs of cranial nerves. • controls movements of skeletal (voluntary) muscles. • maintains homeostasis. As its name implies, this system works automatically and without voluntary input. • includes receptors within viscera (internal organs), the afferent nerves that relay the information to the CNS, and the efferent nerves that relay the action back to the effectors. • The effectors in this system are smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands, all structures that function without conscious control