有机合成是有机化学中最富活力的领域 有机合成是表现有机化学家非凡创造力的舞台 催化剂 合成技术 酶学方法 组合化学法（Combinatorial） 固态有机反应法 基团保护和去保护试剂 synthesis） 氯甲基酮衍生物

一、定义: 在有机化学发展的初期,化学家们从天然的香状脂,香精油里提取出的一些具套惹香气味的物 研究这些芳香化合物发现它们往往都含有一苯环”。于是人们将苯CH及含有苯环结构的化合物 统称为芳香化合物

Carbonyl compounds are a broad group of compounds that includes aldehydes, ketones,carboxylic acids, and esters

Primary alcohols can be oxidized to aldehydes and carboxylic acids

Conjugated unsaturated systems have a p orbital on a carbon adjacent to a double bond The p orbital can come from another double or triple bond The p orbital may be the empty p orbital of a carbocation or a p orbital with a single electron in it (a radical)

A hydrocarbon whose molecules contain two double bonds is called an alkadiene(alkatriene for three double bonds); A hydrocarbon with two triple bonds is called an alkadiyne; A hydrocarbon with a double and triple bond is called an alkenyne

A UV-Vis spectrophotometer measures the amount of light absorbed at each wavelength of the UV and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. λmax— the wavelength of maximum absorption

A ring that contains at least one heteroatom (an atom other than carbon) is called a heterocycle, and a substance based on a heterocyclic ring is a heterocyclic compound. Heterocyclic compounds containing N, O or S are by far the most common

More reactive than benzene toward electrophilic substitution NO2 An deactivating group Less reactive than benzene toward electrophilic substitution Ortho-para director Meta director

17.1 The Acidity of the α Hydrogens of Carbonyl Compounds: Enolate Anions 17.2 Keto and Enol Tautomers 17.3 Reactions via Enols and Enolate Anions