How are molecular structures determined? One way is though the use of spectroscopic methods. Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction of energy with matter. When energy is applied to matter it can be absorbed, emitted, cause a chemical change, or be transmitted

A mass spectrometer produces a spectrum of masses based on the structure of a molecule. It is a spectrum or plot of the distribution of ion masses corresponding to the formula weight of a molecule, fragments derived from the molecule, or both

12.1分类、结构和命名 12.1.1分类 12.1.2结构和命名 12.2羧酸的制法 12.3羧酸的物理性质 12.4羧酸的化学性质

本书除介绍命名方面的基本知识外，还列举了较多的实例作进一步说明。示例中除介绍化合物的系统命名外，还介绍了许多俗名以及一些俗名的来源。化合物英文名称的读音一般书中很难见到，为帮助读者能较准确地读音，在化合物的结构式旁除写有英文名称和中文名称外，还在英文名称下的方括号中注出国际音标。本书按官能团体系分章编写，并介绍了立体化学、天然产物、医药、农药、染料及高分子化合物等方面的命名。此外，还列举了有机化学命名中一些较常见的错误

全书共分十一章,包括有机化合物和有机化学;饱和烃;不饱和脂肪烃;芳香烃杂环化合物;卤代烃醇酚醚;醛和酮;羧酸和羧酸衍生物;含氮化合物;糖;氨基酸、肽和蛋白质核酸等内容

These spectra are often called carbon magnetic resonance (CMR) spectra or 13C NMR spectra. In some important ways 13C spectra are usually les complex and easier to interpret than proton (1H) NMR spectra

《化工原理实验》课程实验教学大纲 《材料加工实验》课程实验教学大纲 《物理化学实验》课程教学大纲 《材料制备与合成实验》课程实验教学大纲 《材料结构与性能测试》课程实验教学大纲 《 波谱解析 》课程实验教学大纲 《 有机化学实验 》课程实验教学大纲 《 无机化学实验 》课程实验教学大纲 《 分析化学实验 》课程实验教学大纲

In the addition of HX to an unsymmetrically substituted alkene, the hydrogen atom adds to the carbon atom of the double bond that already has the greater number of hydrogen atoms and that the X group adds to the carbon having more alkyl substituents. Markovnikov’s rule can be restated by saying that, in the addition of HX to an alkene, the more stable carbocation intermediate is formed

SN2 reactions are highly useful in organic synthesis because they enable use to convert one functional group into another —— functional group transformation (functional group interconversion)

An equimolar mixture of two enantiomers is called a racemic form (either a racemate or a racemic mixture). A racemic form shows no rotation of plane￾polarized light