Isomers are different compounds that have the same molecular formula. Constitutional isomers are isomers that differ because their atoms are connected in a different order. Stereoisomers differ only in arrangement of their atoms in space.Stereoisomers are not constitutional isomers. Enantiomers are stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsuperposable mirror images of each other. Diastereomer are stereoisomers whose molecules are not mirror images of each other

Energy and the Relative Stability Kinetic energy is the energy an object has because of its motion. Potential energy is stored energy. It exists only when an attractive or repulsive force exists between objects

Carbon’s ability to form strong covalent bonds to other carbon atoms is the single property of the carbon atom that — more than any other—accounts for the existence of a field of study called organic chemistry. Carbon’s ability to form as many as four strong bonds to other carbon atoms, and to form strong bonds to hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen atoms as well

Phenols are like alcohols in being able to form strong intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Phenols have higher boiling points than hydrocarbons of the same molecular weight. A modest solubility in water

Aldehydes are named by replacing the terminal –e of the corresponding alkane name with –al. The longest chain selected as the base name must contain the –CHO group, and the –CHO carbon is always numbered as carbon 1

The most characteristic reactions of benzenoid arenes are the substitution reactions that occur when they react with electrophilic reagents. The electrophiles are either a positive ion (E+) or some other electron-deficient species with a large partial positive charge

Compounds were classified as being either aliphatic or aromatic in the latter part of the nineteenth century. To be classified as aliphatic meant then that the chemical behavior of a compound was “fatlike”. To be classified as aromatic meant then that the compound had a low hydrogen/carbon ratio and that it was “fragrant

第一章 结构与性质 第二章 波谱法及其在有机化学中的应用 第三章 开链烃 第四章 碳环烃 第五章 旋光异构 第六章 卤代烃 第七章 醇、酚、醚 第八章 醛、酮、醌 第九章 羧酸、羧酸衍生物和取代酸 第十章 含氮有机化合物 第十一章 含硫和含磷化合物 第十二章 杂环化合物和生物碱 第十三章 碳水化合物 第十四章 氨基酸、蛋白质和核酸 第十五章 油脂和类脂化合物

第一章 结构与性质 第二章 波谱法及其在有机化学中的应用 第三章 开链烃 第四章 碳环烃 第五章 旋光异构 第六章 卤代烃 第七章 醇、酚、醚 第八章 醛、酮、醌 第九章 羧酸、羧酸衍生物和取代酸 第十章 含氮有机化合物 第十一章 含硫和含磷化合物 第十二章 杂环化合物和生物碱 第十三章 碳水化合物 第十四章 氨基酸、蛋白质和核酸 第十五章 油脂和类脂化合物

第一章 绪论、结构与性质 第二章 波谱法及其在有机化学中的应用 第三章 开链烃 第四章 环烃 第五章 旋光异构 第六章 卤代烃 第七章 醇、酚、醚 第八章 醛、酮、醌 第九章 羧酸、羧酸衍生物和取代酸 第十章 含氮有机化合物 第十二章 杂环化合物和生物碱 第十三章 碳水化合物