§20.1 热力学基本概念 §20.2 热力学第一定律及其应用

一、衍射现象 波遇到障碍物时,绕过障碍物进入几何阴影区。 光偏离直线传播路径进入几何阴影区,并形成光强非均匀稳定分布(见下页图)

薛定谔方程及其应用 微观粒子的基本属性不能用经典语言确切表达, “波粒二象性”借用经典语言进行互补性描述。 对微观客体的数学描述可以脱离日常生活经验,避免 借用经典语言引起的表观矛盾。 量子力学包含一套计算规则及对数学程式的物理解 释,是建立在基本假设之上的构造性理论,其正确 性由实践检验

第四节 理想气体中的统计规律 第四节 理想气体中的统计规律及其应用

2.1 scalar and vector quantities 1. scalar Physical concepts that require only one numerical quantity for their complete specification are scalar quantities. 2. vector Vector quantities require for their complete specification a positive quantity, called the magnitude of the vector and the direction otice:Not all things with a magnitude and direction are vectors

Chapter 3 Kinematics I: rectilinear motion Motion implies change, and it is change make life-and physics-visible and interesting. Kinematics is the theory about the description of motion. Physical theories are creations of the human intellect; they must be invented rather than discovered

1. Which of the following processes must violate the first law of thermodynamics?(There may be more than one answer!) ()W>0, 0, (C)W>0, 0, and AEint0,g>0,andEint<0

1. Which type of ideal gas will have the largest value for C-Cp? (D) (A)Monatomic (B)Diatomic (C)Polyatomic (D)The value will be the same for all. Solution: The difference between the molar specific heat at constant pressure and that at constant volume is

第四节理想气体中的统计规律及其应用(续) 三.能均分定律理想气体内能 各种平均能量按自由度均分 1.模型的改进 推导压强公式:理想气体分子质点

一、角动量 问题:将一绕通过质心的固定轴转动的圆盘视为一个质点系, 则由于该系统质心速度为零,所以,系统总动量为零。但系统有 机械运动。说明不能用动量来量度转动物体的机械运动量