• Ⅰ. Reasons • Ⅱ.English passive: • Syntactic passive(结构被动) • Notional passive (意义被动) • E.g. • 1）She dressed beautifully. • (She is dressed beautifully.) • 2 ）These products sell like hot cakes. (These products are sold like hot cakes. ) • Ⅲ. Chinese passive • Marked passive • Unmarked passive • Ⅳ. E-C Translation • 1. E:译为C的主动句或Unmarked passive • 2. E: 译为C的Marked passive • 3. E: 译为C的被动句的转化形式（Chinese passive may be expressed by other structure）

• Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chinese translation • Amplification means to add necessary words, phrases, clauses or sentences to the translated text in purpose of making it consistent with the target language in meaning, grammar and culture connotation. Amplification does not add new information to the message and only help understand the text. In this part we will analyze how to use amplification to achieve equivalence in English-Chinese translation in these three levels, i.e. syntactic, semantic, and rhetorical. • 1) Her tone was more friendly than David’s (tone). • 2) She sang her sweetest (song). • 3) Shall I write my name on, above or below the line?

《翻译理论与实践》 《日本概况》 《日本对外文化交流史》 《日本文学史》 《日语视听说》 《日语语言学概论》 《日语阅读》 《现代日语语法》 《日语写作》 《日本语言与跨文化交际》 《综合日语》

• Ⅰ. Nida’s analysis of the process of translation • (1) analysis of the source text • (2) transfer from the source to the target language • (3) restructuring in the target language • (4) testing of the translated text with persons who represent the intended（future） audience

Idiom, as a linguistic phenomenon, can be regarded as the most special part of language, and they are heavily culture￾loaded. Because of those culture differences, idioms become one of the greatest barriers for cross-culture communication

Two tendencies often occur in the process of translation. One is going after smooth reading and beautiful language at the expense of the true meaning of the original, the other is rigidly sticking to the original words, and the translation turns out to be obscure [ əb'skjuə ] 难解的,含糊的and hard to understand

 I. Denotative Meaning & Associative Meaning  1. Denotative meaning:  (also known as conceptual meaning) is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of the word meaning. It forms the basis for communication as the same word has the same denotative meaning to all the speakers of the same language

A Contrastive Study of Differences in Thought Patterns Between English and Chinese  From the angle of translatology, translation includes thought level, semantic level and aesthetic level. But thought level is the basis and precondition upon which the other levels are built. So in this chapter we shall trace back cultural backgrounds contributing to differences in thought patterns between English and Chinese

在前面的学习中，我们已经清楚这样的现象，尽管英汉两种语言属于不同的语系，但就翻译句子来说，有时我们可以把原文的句子结构整个保存下来，或只稍加改变即可，但在不少情况下，则必须将原文的句子结构做较大的改变。 • 今天学习的分句法与合句法就是改变原文句子结构的两种重要方法。 • 分句法是指原文的一个简单句根据译文的表达需要译成两个或两个以上的句子； • 合句法是指把原文两个或两个以上的简单句或一个复合句在译文之中根据表达的需要用一个简单句来表达

《英语语音》1 《英语视听说1》14 《英语视听说2》28 《英语口语》43 《英语语法》60 《英语阅读1》90 《英语阅读2》109 《英语写作1》126 《英语写作2》145 《英语写作3》164 《专业导论》185 《英语国家概况》197 《第二外语1》—法语212 《第二外语1》—俄语280 《第二外语1》—日语231 《第二外语2》—法语教学大纲.261 《第二外语2》—俄语280 《第二外语2》—日语297 《综合英语1》311 《综合英语2》324 《综合英语3》338 《综合英语4》354 《中国文化概要》370 《语言学导论》386 《英语文学导论》397 《跨文化交际》410 《英语演讲与辩论》434 《基础笔译》446 《基础口译》458 《英语教学论与课程标准解读》教学大纲.472 《英语词汇学》课程教学大纲.499 《英语语用学》513 《英语语音学》530 《英国文学史》543 《美国文学史》555 《英语文学作品选》大纲.567 《翻译理论与实践》大纲.581 《专题口译》600 《欧洲文化》614 《中国思想经典导读》大纲.626 《当代中国外交》639 《国际政治导论》教学大纲.668 《英语教育技能训练》688 《现代教育技术》大纲.709 《教育研究方法与教师专业发展》722 《班级管理》744 《简笔画》大纲.762 《中小学英语教材分析》教学大纲.771 《英语教学活动设计》大纲.791 《英语教学案例分析》805 《教育见习》819 《教育实习》826 《教育研习》835 《毕业论文》841