Definition of pathology Pathology is to study diseases by scientific methods. Disease may be defined as an abnormal alteration of structure or function in any part of the body

Common type of necrosis after exogenous stimuli. Swelling, denaturation and coagulation of proteins Breakdown of cellular organelles Cell rupture

FATTY CHANGE Excessive entry of free fatty acids into the liver (starvation, corticosteroid therapy). Enhanced fatty acid synthesis. Decreased fatty acid oxidation. Increased esterification of fatty acid to triglycerides (alcohol). Decreased apoprotein synthesis (CCl). Impaired lipoprotein secretion from the liver (alcohol)

一、病因和发病机制 阑尾腔阻塞:粪石、异物、寄生虫、痉挛等引起,导致分泌物潴留和血管受压、阻塞、缺血,粘膜损伤脱落甚至管壁坏死

北京大学：《病理学》课程PPT教学课件（讲稿）第五讲 胆道炎、胰腺炎

一、病因和发病机制 二、病原体和传播途径: 三、肝炎病毒(hepatitis virus) 四、目前已发现至少七种病毒

消化道癌由粘膜上皮或腺体发生。在消化道各段均可见

一、口腔 二、消化管:咽、食管、胃、小肠、大肠 三、消化腺:唾液腺、胰腺 四、肝与胆道(胆囊与胆管)

Communicable disease: Pathogen-→body→Infectious disease source of infection Pathogen route of transmission crowd easy to feel

染色就是利用染料在组织切片上给予颜色，使其与组织或细胞内的某种成分发生作用，经过透明后通过光谱吸收和折射，使其各种微细结构能显现不同颜色，这样在显微镜下就可显示出组织细胞的各种成分，便于进行形态学诊断和研究。用作配制染液的原料称为染料。苏木素和伊红是病理学制片最广泛应用的普通染料，故称常规染色，取苏木素（hematoxylin）和伊红（eosin）两个英文字头而简称HE染色。HE染色主要用于显示各种组织正常成分和病变的一般形态结构。其他化学染色方法习惯上为特殊染色