The four basic stages in the PD Process are the same for all food product development, but there are significant differences in the activities, techniques and timings for new product development in the primary production, industrial food processing, and food manufacturing industries Primary production's product development is based on either a breeding process from cultivated varieties or capturing a new species from the wild. The development of new plants, animals and fish takes a great deal of time and depends on times of growing and harvesting There can be a general product concept based on perceived consumer or industrial wants and needs

First published 2001, Woodhead Publishing Limited and CRC Press LLC 2001, Woodhead Publishing Limited The authors have asserted their moral rights This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publishers cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials. Neither the authors nor the publishers, nor anyone

开篇案例:搞员工培训值得吗? 春化妆品公司是南方某市一家有名的生产 女用系列化妆品的国营公司,公司创办于 1981年。在创办最初的十多年里,该公司每 年以25%的速度迅速地发展,产品不但销往 全国各省市,而且销往国外十多个国家和地 区,成为一家国内外享有声誉的化妆品公司

第一节有机化学的产生和发展 第二节有机化合物的结构 第三节价键理论 第四节有机化合物结构测定 第五节有机化合物的分类 第六节有机反应的类型

随机信号和随机噪声的基本概念 随机信号:实际通信系统中由信源发出的信息是 随机的,或者说是不可预知的,因而携带信息的信号 也是随机的,这种具有随机性的信号,称为随机信号 °随机噪声:携带了信息的信号在传输过程中将受 到噪声的污染,而噪声也是随机的,称为随机噪声。 随机信号和随机噪声不可能用一个或几个时间函数 准确地描述,但它们都遵循一定的统计规律,我们可 以用概率统计的方法进行研究

智能控制是自动控制发展的高级阶段,是人工智能、控制论、系统论和信息论等多种学科的高度综合 与集成,是一门新的交叉前沿学科。从广义上讲,智能控制是研究对复杂的不确定性被控对象(过程)采 用人工智能的方法有效地克服系统的不确定性,使系统从无序到期望的有序状态转移的方法及其规律 智能控制已经出现了相当长的一段时间,并且取得了初步的应用成果

1、最小差错概率准则 由于噪声的干扰,所以在发送x时,不一定判 为r;,而可能判为其他符号,这就是错误判决。当 然,我们希望差错概率最小,在数字通信中最直 观和最合理的准则是“最小差错概率”准则

1、差错控制编码 信道编码就是对数字基带信号进行再编码,以 改善其在信道中传输可靠性的数据编码技术。差错 控制编码就是一种较为重要的信道编码技术, 差错控制编码就是在发送端被传信息码序列的 基础上、按照一定的规则加入若干“监督码元”后 进行传输,这些加入的码元与原来的信层码序列之 间存在着某种确定的约束关系。接收端按照既定的 规则检验信息码元与监督码元之间的关系

实际通信系统中由信源发出的信息是随机的,或者说是不可预知的,因而携带信息 的信号也是随机的,这种具有随机性的信号,称为随机信号。 携带了信息的信号在传输过程中将受到噪声的污染,而噪声也是随机的,称为随机 噪声

Product development has been a major activity in the food industry for over 40 years, but only gradually has it developed as a strategic business area and also as an advanced technology. For a long time it was essentially a craft, loosely related to the research and engineering areas in the company. The pressures for product development came very strongly from the needs of the growing supermarkets for a constantly changing, extensive mix of products and for continuous price promotions. So there was the drive for product difference